UNLABELLED BACKGROUND The main objective of this work was to obtain a binary system of surface-active components (nonionic soap - alkaline and/or ammonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) with potential competences in food hygiene, by accessing a scheme of classical reactions (cyanoethylation, total acid hydrolysis and stoichiometric neutralization with inorganic alkaline and/or organic ammonium bas...

Alkaline phosphatase of intestinal origin hydrolyzed the S-substituted monoesters of phosphorothioic acid of the type RSP03Na2 (R = -CH2CH2NH2, -CH,CH,NHCOCH,, -CH,COO, or -CH2CHsCOOCzHs) at the S-P bond to yield orthophosphate and the corresponding thioalcohols. The rate of enzymic hydrolysis of cysteamine S-phosphate was measured at pH 9.0 in 0.1 N sodium barbital buffer at different concentr...

Fresh-harvested, air-dried rice straw was pretreated at a water content of 5 g H(2)O/g straw using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and compared to pretreatment at 10 g H(2)O/g straw by hydrated lime (Ca(OH)(2)). Full factorial experiments including parallel wash-only treatments were completed with both sources of alkali. The experiments were designed to measure the effects of alkaline loading and pretr...

The present study was conducted to investigate a new pathway for the degradation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by Penicillium brevicompactum NRC 829 extracts. Enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of NAD, i.e. alkaline phosphatase, aminohydrolase and glycohydrolase were determined. Alkaline phosphatase was found to catalyse the sequential hydrolysis of two phosphate moieties of NAD mo...

It has long been recognized that lignin is a potential renewable source of chemicals, however, there has been only limited success in the commercialization of processes for converting lignin into chemicals [1,2]. Alkaline hydrolysis of lignin has received considerable attention because the reagents are relatively inexpensive and the phenolic products obtained are of potential value [1]. The mos...

Neisseria gonorrhoeae readily underwent autolysis when suspended in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer at alkaline pH values. Autolysis was inhibited by the addition of Mg2+ or other divalent cations. Autolysis was also suppressed at acid pH (pH 6.0). Suspension of cells in buffer was accompanied by the hydrolysis of peptidoglycan. The rate of peptidoglycan hydro...

A new method was developed to detect sarin hydrolysis products from erythrocytes of four victims of sarin (isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate) poisoning resulting from the terrorist attack on the Tokyo subway. Sarin-bound acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was solubilized from erythrocyte membranes of sarin victims, digested with trypsin, the sarin hydrolysis products bound to AChE were released by al...

Catalytic hydrolysis technology of carbonyl sulfide (COS) at low temperature was reviewed, including the development of catalysts, reaction kinetics, and reaction mechanism of COS hydrolysis. It was indicated that the catalysts are mainly involved metal oxide and activated carbon. The active ingredients which can load on COS hydrolysis catalyst include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transi...

INTRODUCTION Echinococcus granulosus infection may be transmitted between humans and animals. Hydatid disease refers to an infection with the parasite larva in humans, and echinococcosis is restricted to infection with the adult stage in carnivorous animals [1]. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays an important role in metabolism, physiology, immunology, and nutrients absorption of the cystic echin...

Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations have been performed for the first step in the alkaline hydrolysis of the neutral benzoylester of cocaine. Successes, failures, and limitations of these calculations are reviewed. A PM3 calculated transition state structure is compared with the PM3 calculated structure for the hapten used to induce catalytic antibodies for the hydrolysis of cocaine. I...