Combination chemotherapy in clinical practice has been generally accepted as a feasible strategy for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we designed and successfully prepared a co-delivery system named S-D1@L-D2 NPs, where denoted some smaller nanoparticles (NPs) carrying a drug doxorubicin (DOX) were loaded into a larger NP containing another drug (vincristine [VCR]) via water-in-oil-...

ALG-2 belongs to the penta-EF-hand (PEF) protein family and interacts with various intracellular proteins, such as Alix and TSG101, that are involved in endosomal sorting and HIV budding. Through X-ray crystallography, we solved the structures of Ca(2+)-free and -bound forms of N-terminally truncated human ALG-2 (des3-20ALG-2), Zn(2+)-bound form of full-length ALG-2, and the structure of the co...

Among the set of Argonautes proteins encoded by metazoan genomes, some have conserved amino acids important for catalytic or slicing activity. The functional significance of these residues in microRNA (miRNA)-specific Argonautes in animals is still unclear since miRNAs do not induce site-specific cleavage of targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs), unlike small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Here, we repor...

Alix/AIP1 regulates cell death in a way involving interactions with the calcium-binding protein ALG-2 and with proteins of ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport). Using mass spectrometry we identified caspase-8 among proteins co-immunoprecipitating with Alix in dying neurons. We next demonstrated that Alix and ALG-2 interact with pro-caspase-8 and that Alix forms a complex wit...

Standard generalized vectors for an O*-algebra N lead to a Tomita-Takesaki theory of modular automorphisms on N, and this is a key step in constructing KMS states on N (which would represent equilibrium states if N is the observable algebra of some physical system). In this paper, we extend to partial O*-algebras the notion of standard generalized vector and we show that they indeed satisfy the...

Given a pseudomonad $mathcal{T} $ on a $2$-category $mathfrak{B} $, if a right biadjoint $mathfrak{A}tomathfrak{B} $ has a lifting to the pseudoalgebras $mathfrak{A}tomathsf{Ps}textrm{-}mathcal{T}textrm{-}mathsf{Alg} $ then this lifting is also right biadjoint provided that $mathfrak{A} $ has codescent objects. In this paper, we give  general results on lifting of biadjoints. As a consequence, ...

A category is said to be alg-universal, if every category of universal algebras can be fully embedded into it. We prove here that the category of finitary endofunctors of the category Set is alg-universal. We also present an example of a proper class of accessible set functors with no natural transformations between them (except the obvious identities).