When attacked by predators, diverse animals actively or passively release molecules that evoke alarm and related anti-predatory behavior by nearby conspecifics. The actively released molecules are alarm pheromones, whereas the passively released molecules are alarm cues. For example, many insects have alarm-signaling systems that involve active release of alarm pheromones from specialized gland...

The evolution of alarm signals has puzzled evolutionary ecologists for decades. This is particularly true for alarm cues (‘Schreckstoff’) which are present in many fishes. They are passively released through injuries and signal the presence of a predator. Although the benefits for conspecific receivers are obvious (they can adjust their behavior to avoid predation), those for the senders are no...

INTRODUCTION While smoke alarm installation programs can help prevent residential fire injuries, the costs of running these programs are not well understood. METHOD We conducted a retrospective cost analysis of a smoke alarm installation program in 12 funded communities across four states. Costs included financial and economic resources needed for training, canvassing, installing, and followi...

Satellite remote sensing can successfully cope with different aspects of fire management problems, such as danger estimation, fire detection, burned area mapping and post-fire vegetation recovery. In particular, remote sensing can provide valuable data on type (namely distribution and amount of fuels) and status of vegetation in a consistent way at different spatial and temporal scales. The cha...

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.................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter One: Introduction ................................................................................... 6 Residential Fire and Fire Causes in the U.S ................................... 6 Overview of Residential Fire in the U.S .................................................

Article history: Available online 1 February 2012

This thesis describes our work towards a unified framework for automatic restoration of dirt and blotches in archive film. The framework we present here is composed of three stages, i.e. defect detection, false alarm elimination, and defect removal. First, we propose a novel probabilistic approach to detect defects in digitized archive film. An HMM is characterized and trained to model the stat...

BACKGROUND The OxiMax N-600x containing SatSeconds alarm management software was designed to assist clinicians in discriminating nuisance alarms from those that are clinically relevant. Instead of sounding an alarm the moment the oxygen saturation reading violates the upper or lower limit settings, a magnitude and duration of tolerance can be set. The primary objective was to study the proporti...