Alkaloid contents (sparteine accounted for more than 80%) of four subspecies of Chamaecytisus proliferus (tagasaste) were higher in spring cuts than in autumn cuts, and they were (g kgÿ1 DM for spring and autumn cuts, respectively) 2.9 and 1.6 for palmensis subspecies, 7.3 and 2.9 for canariae, 11.3 and 7.9 for meridionales and 2.7 for the autumn cut of calderae. Voluntary intake was determined...

Genetic differences within and among naturally occurring populations of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were characterized across five subspecies' historical ranges using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, microsatellite loci and mitochondrial control region sequencing. Current subspecific designations based on morphological traits were generally supported by these analy...

Documenting the scale and intensity of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), and the processes that shape it, is relevant to the sustainable management of genetic resources in timber tree species, particularly where logging or fragmentation might disrupt gene flow. In this study we assessed patterns of FSGS in three species of Dipterocarpaceae (Parashorea tomentella, Shorea leprosula and...

Bembidion (Peryphanes) sanatum iwanai ssp. n. is described from the solfatara fields of Mendeleev Volcano (Kuril Archipelago: Kunashir Island). It slightly differs nominative subspecies by body proportions, as well relatively narrow external intervals elytra and their microsculpture, yet showing stable distinctions in endophallus armature (basal part lamina 1 rounded, vs. angular subspecies) sp...

Subspecies have been considered artificial subdivisions of species, pattern classes, or incipient species. However, with more data and modern phylogenetic techniques, some subspecies may be found to represent true species. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the polytypic snake, Elaphe obsoleta, yields well-supported clades that do not conform to any of the currently accepted subspecies. Complete nuc...

background: based on biochemical properties, enterobacter cloacae represents a large complex of at least 13 variant species, subspecies, and genotypes that progressively identified as the most species causing hospital-acquired infections. the aim of this study was to determine the relevance between phylogenetically related strains within the e. cloacae complex and the frequency of urinary tract...

Colleagues disagree with statements in our discussion (Cronin et al. 2015) regarding subspecies taxonomy of wolves (Canis lupus) in southeast Alaska (Weckworth et al. 2015) and the southwest United States (Fredrickson et al. 2015). Following the presentation of results of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in several populations of wolves in North America, we discussed other genetic...

For bacterial source tracking (BST), the percentage of Enterococcus faecalis isolates among all fecal enterococci in an environmental water sample may serve as an inexpensive indicator of human and bird fecal contamination. Research suggests that some subspecies of fecal indicator bacteria are better adapted than others to survive environmental conditions. We determined the survival of seven di...