Congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS), though rare, is important because the mortality and morbidity rates are high in infants. Especially, associated congenital heart disease (CHD) in these infants may compound the effects of airway pathology. A 3-week-old patient with long-segmental tracheal stenosis below an anomalous right-upper lobe (RUL) bronchus had undergone a total correction of double ou...

While stridor is an ominous sign implying severe airway stenosis, not all stridor has an organic aetiology. We present two cases of functional stridor in which the diagnosis was made by the anaesthetist. As experts in the management of difficult airways, anaesthetists should be aware of this clinical entity. Recurrent episodes present as aphonia, dysphonia, dyspnoea, apnoea or unconsciousness. ...

The treatment of subglottic stenosis in children is one the most complex and difficult challenges field pediatric otolaryngology. Therefore, it requires a team approach that includes an anesthesiologist, pediatrician, intensivist. This article introduces latest concepts glottal (glottal softening, cysts, etc.) children, with particular attention to reports obtained over years abroad. In order a...

We herein report anesthetic management during aortic valve replacement for aortic valve regurgitation in a patient with adult mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS type 2) (Hunter syndrome). This disorder is rare and related to the accumulation of a mucopolysaccharide in lysosomes. It affects various organs, including the airways, heart, and central nerves. In children with MPS type 2, the risk of...

: Morquio syndrome is a progressive lysosomal storage disorder leading to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the soft tissue, cartilage, and bone causing skeletal dysplasia. We present four-year-old child diagnosed with right side inguinal hernia posted for herniotomy. He had large head short neck kyphoscoliosis. Pre-operative MRI whole spine shows hypoplastic dens canal stenosis, indenting ...

Epidermolysis bullosa rarely affects lower airways. We present a case of lower airway involvement and stenosis successfully managed with flexible bronchoscopy and balloon dilation.