background: nitrogen oxides occur in the atmosphere in six forms of namely: n2o , no , no2 , n2o3, n2o4 and n2o5 .among these oxides no2 is the most important air pollutant because of its relatively high toxicity and its ubiquity in ambient air. in this research griess-saltzman method was utilized for determination of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of different laboratories...

Environmental pollution nowadays is a big concern. Anthropogenic activities have altered the environment significantly throughout the world like mining, industry and agriculture. This causes an increase in the Lead(Pb), Cadmium(Cd), Arsenic(As) content of soil and water, thus contaminating them. The increased uptake of these metals by plants influences the natural contents of vegetables and thu...

Advances in vehicle design and fuel quality mean cars can be made cleaner and more efficient. Lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particles (including the fine dust and soot PM10) and hydrocarbons (HCs) also known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will lead to better urban air quality and less summertime smog. Lower emissions of carbon dioxi...

OBJECTIVES The PEACE study is a multicentre panel study of the acute effects of particles with a 50% cut off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns (PM10), black smoke (BS), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on respiratory health of children with chronic respiratory symptoms. In the complete panels no consistent association between air pollution and respiratory health was found. The...

The false legend of carbon dioxide traps resulting from the weight of carbon dioxide gas is disproved. In spite of water-vapor lightness in comparison with air, no water-vapor trap exists on cave ceilings. In fact, underground atmospheres with specific compositions are not related to gravity, but to the absence of any air movement around the gas sources. The process of double diffusion of oxyge...

In the early days of abundant resources and minimal development pressures, little attention was paid to growing environmental concerns in Malaysia. The haze episodes in Southeast Asia in 1983, 1984, 1991, 1994, and 1997 imposed threats to the environmental management of Malaysia and increased awareness of the environment. As a consequence, the government established Malaysian Air Quality Guidel...

Land use regression (LUR) models have been globally used to estimate long-term air pollution exposures. The present study aimed to analyze the association of different land use types and traffic measures with air pollutants in Tehran, Iran, as part of the future development of LUR models. Data of the particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were extracted from...

materials and methods in the first stage, no2 pollutant concentrations were measured using the data collected from air pollution monitoring stations. sampling was performed in six stations. the chosen stations have been based on the us environmental protection agency (epa) standards. in the next step, the data were processed using excel software and information was given to the airq model. data...

BACKGROUND Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal has been proposed to achieve protective ventilation in patients at risk for ventilator-induced lung injury. In an acute study, the authors previously described an extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal technique enhanced by regional extracorporeal blood acidification. The current study evaluates efficacy and feasibility of such technology applied ...

At present there is experimental and clinical evidence to support the view that alteration in alveolar oxygen tension has a direct effect on pulmonary circulation. Animal experimentation (1-4) and hemodynamic studies in human subjects (5-8) indicate that pulmonary vascular resistance increases and blood flow is thereby reduced in hypoxic areas of the lung. This is apparently a mechanism by whic...