In this study, we assess the causal impact of stakeholder orientation on innovation. To obtain exogenous variation in stakeholder orientation, we exploit the enactment of state-level constituency statutes, which allow directors to consider stakeholders’ interests when making business decisions. Using a difference-indifferences methodology, we find that the enactment of constituency statutes lea...

Finite-temperature phase structure of lattice QCD with the Wilson quark action is analyzed. We show that the critical line at finite temperatures, defined to be the line of vanishing pion screening mass, turns back toward strong coupling, forming a cusp on the (β,K) plane, and that the line of thermal transition runs past the tip of the cusp without touching the critical line. Previous results ...

We explore the implications of imposing the constraint that two neutrino flavors (which for definiteness we take to be νμ and ντ ) are similarly coupled to the mass basis in addition to the unitarity constraints. We allow three active and an arbitrary number of sterile neutrinos. We show that in this scheme one of the mass eigenstates decouples from the problem, reducing the dimension of the fl...

E lectronic voting has been around since the 1970s, but until the US’s 2000 Gore-Bush presidential election, it was largely out of the public eye. After the Florida punched-card debacle, it became clear that our election infrastructure needed renovation. The Help America Vote Act of 2002 mandated a solution of sorts, making US$3 billion available to states to move away from their long-lived, we...

We describe the formal models of two standards related to airport security: one at the international level and the other at the European level. These models are expressed using the Focal environment, which is an object-oriented speci cation and proof system. We show how Focal is appropriate for building a clean hierarchical speci cation for our case study using, in particular, object-oriented f...

This study examine the perceived psychological contract from the perspectives of IT new recruits that are located in USA and China. Psychological contract emphasize the mutual exchange between employees and employers. The results of this exploratory study reveals that IT employees from China and USA hold many similar beliefs on the employer-employee obligations such as employer obligations to h...

Arguments for and against the proposition that price-capped privatised utilities have an incentive to under-invest are examined in the context of airport regulation. The general proposition finds support from generic arguments associated with the hold-up problem and with ex-post opportunism. Three counter arguments are then considered: that under-investment imposes additional internal costs on ...

Resulting from an interdisciplinary endeavor, the paper proposes an ontological model for supporting collaborative work practices in critical settings, and shows its application to a specific domain. The model is empirically-grounded, as based on ethnographic research carried out at an international airport –clearly an example of safety-critical environment, where emergency prevention and prepa...

In the post-Cold War international system, in addition to addressing the role of force and military competition, the concept of cooperative security now entails economic and environmental security concerns as well. Economic performance rather than military capability is seen increasingly as the measure of a state’s power in the international community. A cooperative security approach is needed ...