Measuring the volume of a bubble, especially at its detachment, is a basic subject in gas-liquid two-phase flow research. A new indirect method for this measurement under constant flow conditions is presented. An electronic device is designed and constructed based on laser beam intensity. This device calculates the frequency of the bubble formation by measuring the total time of the formation p...

We study the stability of polymer-shelled bubbles with controlled dimensions generated from air-in-oil-inwater (A/O/W) compound bubbles. We show that the ratio of the shell thickness to bubble radius is critical in generating un-deformed polymer-shelled bubbles from A/O/W compound bubbles. In addition, the effects of shell stiffness and encapsulated gas on bubble stability are also investigated...

BACKGROUND Hydatid cyst, or Echinococcosis, is an important helminthic zoonotic disease in humans that commonly affects the liver and lungs. Uncomplicated hydatid cysts, seen as round opaque lesions on chest radiography, are easily diagnosed, whereas complicated cysts (infected and or perforated) may change the radiographic appearance of the hydatid cyst, causing an incorrect diagnosis and dela...

We formulate a general multiphase model representing water-bubble mixture fluid and multi-component bubble populations. An enhanced 2-DV VOF model with a k− turbulence closure is used to model the mixture fluid phase. The bubble phase is governed by the advection-diffusion equations of the gas molar concentration and bubble intensity for groups of bubbles with different sizes. The initial bubbl...

To jump out of water onto sea ice, emperor penguins must achieve sufficient underwater speed to overcome the influence of gravity when they leave the water. The relevant combination of density and kinematic viscosity of air is much lower than for water. Injection of air into boundary layers (‘air lubrication’) has been used by engineers to speed movement of vehicles (ships, torpedoes) through s...

We show by numerical hydrodynamic calculations that there are two important effects of thermal conduction in sonoluminescence: (i) the bubble remains close to being isothermal during the expansion phase; and (ii) a cold, dense layer of air is formed at the bubble wall during the contraction phase. These conclusions are not sensitive to the particular equation of state used, although details of ...