Developmental plans of the country emphasize on the exports-focused growth strategy, and export diversification is one of the most appropriate policies in this area. Export diversification moves from primary goods to industrial goods. Yet, export diversification, according to the principles of international trade, must be based on comparative advantage until to change value-added. Changes in th...

Trade and food security discussions have changed significantly in recent years, reflecting a more general change in perspective on “the right price of food” (Swinnen 2011). Until 2007 the dominant view was that low prices for agricultural products were causing poverty and food insecurity among poor households in developing countries. Trade policy discussions emphasized the importance of reducin...

We explore the consequences of placing the Standard Model gauge fields in the bulk of the recently proposed localized gravity model of Randall and Sundrum. We find that the Kaluza Klein excitations of these fields are necessarily strongly coupled and we demonstrate that current precision electroweak data constrain the lowest states to lie above ' 23 TeV. Taking the weak scale to be ∼ 1 TeV, the...

A new gravity model with the function F (R) = (1/β) arctan (βR− βR) instead of the Ricci scalar in the Einstein–Hilbert action, describing inflation of the Universe, is suggested and analyzed. We obtain constant curvature solutions of the model in the Jordan frame. Performing the conformal transformation of the metric, the potential and the mass of a scalar degree of freedom in the Einstein fra...

he previous chapters have demonstrated that global integration , expanding and changing world agricultural markets, and heightened environmental concerns are defining new policy challenges and opportunities for the United States. These trends manifest themselves in global markets that demand growing amounts of value-added agricultural products; an emerging environmental agenda that extends beyo...

The agricultural goods futures market has recently regained the interest of corporate business, research institutions, and governments. This renewed interest is brought about by the increasing volatility of the prices of agricultural raw materials. In turn, these reflect the shift that has taken place in the European Union’s joint agricultural policy: from price support to income support and to...

This paper explores the effects of general and agricultural trade openness on economic freedom and alongside with the quality of institutions, on income and poverty. Recent cross-country data for over 200 nations in global regions were used to estimate equations for income, poverty and economic freedom. Economic freedom appears to have positive impacts on income levels, which together with good...

The fishing industry not only acts as foreign exchange earner but also plays an important role in China’s economy. But with the development of technology and liberalization of international trade, the foreign countries adopted in succession trade barriers to limit China’s fishery product export, which had make China’s fishery product export disproportionated with fishery products production. By...