The CSD’s set of sustainability indicators was the first one to explicitly take into account the fourth essential dimension of sustainability, the institutional one, besides the well established economic, environmental and social ones. Although this is a major achievement for sustainability policies, the indicators proposed have not all been received with enthusiasm. This results not from the c...

Indicators to assess sustainable land development often focus on either economic or ecologic aspects of landscape use. The concept of multifunctional land use helps merging those two focuses by emphasising on the rule that economic action is per se accompanied by ecological utility: commodity outputs (CO, e.g., yields) are paid for on the market, but non-commodity outputs (NCO, e.g., landscape ...

the issue of sustainable development has been widely acknowledged and spread rapidly after united nations conference on environment and development in rio in 1992. considerable attention is given to urban settlement areas. thus, role of urban development is seen as a challenging issue under circumstances. outcomes of the current patterns of world population growth and industrial development are...

This paper proposes the construction of tables for emergy synthesis of agricultural systems using internet resources. The general model considered for these tables can be used for simple agricultural systems like chemical farming but also for complex systems as organic, agroecological and forestrycattle-agriculture systems. The construction of tables was possible due to a research on XML (exten...

the purpose of this study was investigation of east azerbaijan researchers and extension agents’ view about the role of extension services on agricultural development. the methodology was descriptive-correlation which is carried out by survey method. in this study, the sample population was 335 people including all researchers and extension agents working in the agricultural sector. to assess t...

Many scholars in China have done a lot of research on regionalization of agricultural resources in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, but there is no quantitative research on agriculture of the whole plain. By using qualitative and quantitative analysis based on the basic data collected over 300 counties in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, considering such indicators as the natural resources of the plains and ...

Continued industrialization in China and increase in its agricultural productivity imply that surplus rural workers will to be attracted into non-agricultural production activities and, consequently, will have the opportunity to increase their off-farm income. Studying the structure of the rural labor force and its characteristics is important for evaluating its migration potential into non-agr...

better understanding and recognizing the amount of cultural development in iranian provinces and comparing them, causes a particular attention and helps to recognize their weaknesses, strengths, potentialities and deficiencies. the purpose of this paper is to analyze cultural development indicators in iran. the writers of this article present an applied research and use a comparative method. us...

INTRODUCTION Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) disproportionately affect low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) where 80% of global NCD related deaths occur. LLMICs are the primary focus of interventions to address development and poverty indicators. We aimed to synthesise the evidence of these interventions' impact on the four primary NCDs (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic res...