F or several years, there has been uncertainty about the presence of transgenes in maize landraces in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The first report of their presence in this region was that of Quist and Chapela (1, 2), who based their results on samples obtained in 2000; these findings were later called into doubt because of the methodology used. However, further studies by the Mexican governme...

This paper investigates the growth experience of one country in detail in order to enhance our understanding of important factors that a¤ect economic growth. Using a two sector model we identify the low productivity growth in the agricultural sector as the main reason for the divergence of income per capita between Turkey and its peer countries. An extended model that incorporates distortions i...

OS/as S. Batten is a senior economist and Michael 11 Be/on gia is an economist at the Federal Resenie Bank of St Louis. Sarah R. Driver provided research assistance. ‘Chattin and Lee (1983), p. 19. ‘Schuh (1984), p. 244. Other papers drawing a similar causal relationship between exchange rates and agricultural exports include Chambers and Just (1982), Tweeten (1983) and Hathaway (1983). The pro...

one of the present phenomena that virtually explain weaknesses in financial systems of different countries is financial repression. financial repression encompasses the different interferences of governments in financial markets through determining the ceiling interest on bank deposits, high rates of legal reserves, and the government’s interference in distribution of bank credits,which prevent...

Introduction The first years of reforms in the former Soviet Union resulted in a sharp decline in agricultural production. Between 1989 and 1992, Ukrainian gross agricultural product dropped some 20%, and the output of grain, which is produced mostly in the collective sector, went down some 25% (World Bank). Several reasons for the fall have been advanced. In addition to weather variation acros...

The general perception of Islamic finance is that it prohibits the practice of paying and receiving interest, but Islamicfinance is much broader than interest rate prohibition. Islamic financial services can be viewed as a set of financialservices which are diversified based on the needs of society.Since in THE Iranian Economy most of the enterprises are micro and/or small, micro financing seem...

the study evaluated the major constraints hampering the effective functioning of the nigerian agricultural cooperative and rural development bank (nacrdb) in kogi state, nigeria. using the food crop farmers as a case study, a multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select three agricultural zone in kogi state ( zone a, b, and c).primary data were collected through the use of structure...

abstract:the general perception of islamic finance is that it prohibits the practice of paying and receiving interest, but islamicfinance is much broader than interest rate prohibition. islamic financial services can be viewed as a set of financialservices which are diversified based on the needs of society.since in the iranian economy most of the enterprises are micro and/or small, micro finan...