The concept of pharmaceutical data exclusivity protection comes from the West. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) establishes the basic rules for pharmaceutical data exclusivity protection. People's Republic of China's domestic law is consistent with the TRIPS agreement. In the drug registration approval process of the People's Republic of China's Dru...

The end of the 20 Century was marked by a sea change in global governance in the realm of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Whereas countries historically retained substantial autonomy in this policy domain, the 1990s witnessed the establishment of new global obligations regarding national practices for the treatment of intellectual property. This paper focuses on the case of software “pirac...

Abstract The article conducts an in-depth analysis of Article 22(1) the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights that provides definition ‘Geographical Indication (GI)’, focusing specifically field wine. Particularly, research analyses: (1) concept ‘indication’; (2) words ‘quality, reputation or other characteristic’ and (3) adverb ‘essentially’. Building upon text Agreem...

The TRIPS Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO) mandated the introduction of protection of intellectual property rights, notably patents, for pharmaceutical products. While the implications for the access to medicines contained in the terms of this Agreement raised significant concerns, a recent new wave of free trade agreements, negotiated outside the WTO, requires even higher levels...

The conclusion of the Trade Related Aspects Intellectual Property Agreement (TRIPS), in the context of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations (1994,) ushered in an unprecedented interest in the protection of intellectual property (IP) particularly concerning the impact of new global IP rules on developing countries. However, developments relating to protection of IP in Arab countries have, in ...

The aim of the article is to analyze implications franchise agreement in international trade. One contracts that usually registered after appearance and registration property rights, especially development trademark agreement. A a contract entered into between franchisor franchisee as owner intellectual rights. In other words, often uses rights owned by franchisor, which have limited duration. ...

Worldwide, there are enormous inequities in cancer control that cause poor outcomes among patients with cancer who live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). One of the biggest challenges that oncology faces today is how to increase patient access to expensive, but life-saving, therapies in LMICs. Access to cancer medications in LMICs is a major problem, especially in recent years, as th...