BACKGROUND Serotonin has been linked to neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease, mainly agitation/aggression, depression, and psychosis. Neuropsychiatric symptoms have been associated with polymorphisms of the promoter region (5-HTTPR ) and intron 2 of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTVNTR) or the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor genes in some but not all studies. OBJECTIVE To examine th...

BACKGROUND Midazolam has been widely studied for preventing emergence agitation. The authors previously reported that in children with sevoflurane anesthesia, intravenous administration of midazolam (0.05 mg/kg) before the end of surgery reduced the incidence of emergence agitation but prolonged the emergence time. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a lower midazolam dose could...

CONTEXT Agitation and psychosis are common in Alzheimer disease and cause considerable morbidity. We attempted to delay or to prevent agitation and psychosis with the use of divalproex sodium (valproate). OBJECTIVE To determine whether treatment with valproate could delay or prevent emergence of agitation or psychosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, p...

OBJECTIVES To determine the respective efficacy of quetiapine and rivastigmine for agitation in people with dementia in institutional care and to evaluate these treatments with respect to change in cognitive performance. DESIGN Randomised double blind (clinician, patient, outcomes assessor) placebo controlled trial. SETTING Care facilities in the north east of England. PARTICIPANTS 93 pat...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for agitation in older adults with dementia. METHODS Seven electronic databases (to 2004) were searched, and randomized clinical trials employing nonpharmacologic interventions for agitation in dementia published in English or Korean were selected. In...

BACKGROUND The present study tested the effect of midazolam administration after sevoflurane anesthesia against emergence agitation in children in the recovery phase. METHODS A total of 60 children presenting for ophthalmic surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly placed in four groups from Group I to Group IV. Before the end of the surgery, we injected normal saline 2 ml in Group I...

unclear. Interestingly, the authors made a behavioural assessment within 1 week and found no functional deficits, but the tests used lacked discrimination of motor or sensory deficits, paraesthesia, or painful neuropathies Therefore, functional data should be interpreted with caution. Objective evaluation of nerve injury, for example, myelin damage, is missing. Behavioural assessment is challen...

August 25, 2006 | Dementia [1], Geriatric Psychiatry [2], Munchausen Syndrome [3], Sleep Deprivation [4], Vascular Dementia [5], Psychotic Affective Disorders [6], Mania [7], Psychiatric Emergencies [8], Major Depressive Disorder [9], Neuropsychiatry [10], Addiction [11], Alcohol Abuse [12], Amnesia [13] While dementia is marked by such cognitive deficits as disorientation, memory loss and chan...

petencies give an indication of the ability of an SHO to perform basic anaesthetic skills, these skills are not adequate by themselves to allow safe independent practice. A course covering the management of critical incidents should form part of the basic curriculum for novice anaesthetists prior to being placed on the on-call rota. Having the opportunity to manage these types of cases in a con...

In conventional endodontic treatment, alkaline solutions of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are used in combination to disinfect the root canal system and to eliminate debris and smear layers. An important concept that has emerged over recent years is the use of active physical methods for agitating these fluids to improve their penetration within areas th...