In veterinary clinical practice the sensitivity of a given animal species to a certain drug can be attributed to pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic variations. In contrast to human medicine where individual differences are of primary importance, interspecies and also inter-breed distinctions are crucial in comparative veterinary medicine. Pharmacokinetics describes the behaviour of the drug in...

Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) often involve interaction of a drug with specific proteins. Knowledge about these ADME-associated proteins is important in facilitating the study of the molecular mechanism of disposition and individual response as well as therapeutic action of drugs. It is also useful in the development and testing of pharmacokinetics prediction to...

Fictional literature has experiencedan increasing and stunning growthof women writers in the past two decades. In terms of quality and quantity, theincrease was to the extent that nowadays women’s names are mentioned sometimeseven more than men’s amongthe distinguished writers ofcontemporary Iranianliterature. On the other hand, these authors have often chosen the novel astheir main literary fo...

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the DNA itself. The field is rapidly growing and being widely promoted, attracting attention in diverse arenas. These include those of the social sciences, where some researchers have been encouraged by the resonance between imaginaries of development within epigenetics and social theory. Yet, sust...

objectives: this paper reviews the current literature on acquired brain injury (abi) with a focus on abi burden, importance of community integration, and community integration definitions suggested by the literature. methods: literature review results: acquired brain injury (abi) is referred to a diverse range of disabilities resulted of injury in different parts of the brain. people with abi a...