The cleaning process in the surface mount assembly line of power modules had been found to insufficiently remove solder flux residue from printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies after the process of reflow soldering. This thesis details the development of an optimized cleaning process that effectively removes solder flux residue from PCB assemblies. The first stage of this study involves the exp...

The effectiveness of cleaning organic contaminants from silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces was studied by conducting highly sensitive measurements using Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) with a Si prism as the waveguide. To serve as an example, the surface of the prism was oxidized to an order of a few nanometers. The oxidized Si surface film was allowed to stand i...

During the 1999-crushing season, the Malelane Mill installed vibratory screens after the quadruple effect evaporator. The purpose of the screens was to separate out any residual scale originating from the chemical cleaning of the evaporator vessels. This strategy was adopted after attempts to improve the flush out of the evaporator vessels after chemical cleaning proved ineffective in removing ...

mechanical, hydraulic, and chemical washing methods are the most common methods for sewer line cleaning. each of these methods includes several sub methods. rodding and bucket machine are the two most important of mechanical cleaning methods, whereas high-speed and flushing are the most important hydraulic cleaning methods. acids, alkalis, surfactants, and enzymes are widely used materials in s...

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane system was applied to the treatment and reclamation of textile wastewater in Thailand. An experiment was carried out to determine the fouling behavior and effect of anti-scalant and biocide addition to flux decline and its recovery through chemical cleaning. The RO unit was operated for one month after which the fouled membranes were c...

Hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass results in release high-value chemicals that during industrial processing can be recovered with membrane technologies. To maintain an effective performance membranes used technological biomass, their regular cleaning is essential. Although several guidelines may found for cases organic fouling, data fouled by hydrolyzed limited. Current research aimed t...

OBJECTIVES Due to their adverse effects, antineoplastic drugs are considered as a potential health risk to healthcare personnel. The objective of the study was to compare the surface contamination level of the conventional preparation room and outpatient clinic before and after the implementation of a set of additional protective measures. METHODS The measures were targeted at eliminating pot...