This paper traces the introduction of computing into schools in the Australian State of Victoria. Told from the point of view of two active participants, the story exposes a number of themes that resonate with experiences in other countries. From its beginnings in the 1970s on borrowed or shared minicomputers and the use of punched cards for teaching programming in conjunction with facilities a...

"This article uses the 1970, 1980, and 1990 Public Use Samples of the U.S. census to document what happened to immigrant earnings in the 1980s and to determine if pre-1980 immigrant flows reached earnings parity with natives. The relative entry wage of successive immigrant cohorts declined by 9% in the 1970s and by an additional 6% in the 1980s. Although the relative wage of immigrants grows by...

PURPOSE To evaluate reasons for non-compliance with post-cataract surgical follow-up in rural China, and assess the impact of incentives on improving compliance. METHODS Patients having undergone cataract surgery more than 3 months previously at cataract surgery training hospitals in Guangdong were invited by telephone and advertisements to a hospital-based study examination, with compensatio...

After a steep recession in the 1980s, many rural places are mounting a strong economic comeback in the 1990s. Rural counties, for instance, have added jobs in the 1990s at about 1.8 percent annually, compared with meager gains in the 1980s. And some counties, especially trade centers or those with scenic amenities that have attracted retirees and tourists, are posting stronger growth than metro...

In December 1993 the Federal treasurer, John Dawkins, announced he was leaving politics after his budget received a tough public reception and a mauling in the Senate. At his farewell drinks, as described by journalist, Laura Tingle, Dawkins called himself a politician of the 1980s ‘when you acted first and explained yourself later’. It was a melodramatic view. Yet Dawkins had a point. The powe...

OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of clinical presentation of carcinoma of the cervix in Nnewi Southeast Nigeria with a view to determining strategies for intervention. METHOD This is a retrospective descriptive study involving all cases of clinically diagnosed carcinoma of the cervix seen over a five year period. RESULTS Forty three case notes were available for study. The age range was 3...

I used this anthology of compiled articles to add to my background knowledge of Yugoslavia before, during and after the war. This book was written relatively close to the end of war and therefore I approached this book with a level of skepticism. Additionally, this book was written for a mid-European studies center and thus this book approaches history in a different manner due to the audience....

Design Patterns help a range of designers, architects, and others. However, there is surprisingly little such guidance for game artists. In this paper, we present our look at late 19th century art works and the emergent set of visual features commonly used to create an atmosphere of horror in visual art. Further, we show how we transformed these features into a set of seven patterns to be used ...