This article considers the precision positioning problem associated with high-speed operation of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and presents an inversion-based control approach to achieve precision positioning. Although AFMs have high (nanoscale) spatial resolution, a problem with current AFM systems is that they have low temporal resolution, i.e., AFM imaging is slow. In particular, curren...

In this paper, a control algorithm is proposed for pH sensitive nanorobots to deliver drugs in the tumor area while navigating in the blood stream environment. The nanorobots are able to communicate with their neighbors using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the obstacle avoidance algorithm allows the nanorobots to avoid collision with the blood cells. Each nanorobot can ...

For the past few years, there has been a considerable research on the basis of Novel drug delivery system, using particulate vesicle systems as such drug carriers for small and large molecules. Nanoparticles, Liposomes, Microspheres, Niosomes, Pronisomes, Ethosomes, Proliposomes have been used as drug carrier in vesicle drug delivery system. Various polymers have been used in the formation of N...

We compare the effectiveness of solving Dirichlet–Neumann problems via the Craig–Sulem (CS) expansion, the Ablowitz-Fokas-Musslimani (AFM) implicit formulation, the dual AFM formulation (AFM∗), a boundary integral collocation method (BIM), and the transformed field expansion (TFE) method. The first three methods involve highly ill-conditioned intermediate calculations that we show can be overco...

A method for detection and identification of core antigen of hepatitis C virus (HCVcoreAg)-containing particles in the serum was proposed, with due account taken of the interactions of proteotypic peptides with Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) ions. The method is based on a combination of reversible biospecific atomic force microscopy (AFM)-fishing and mass spectrometry (MS). AFM-fishing enables concentr...

Asymmetrical frequency modulation (AFM) as proposed by Palamin et al. (1988) offers greater flexibility in the shaping of the spectra of synthesized waveforms as compared to normal frequency-modulation (FM) synthesis. The feasibility of using AFM synthesis for the real-time generation of waveforms of musical instruments is demonstrated using a DSP56000 digital signal processor to implement the ...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the usefulness of DArT markers in genotypic identification of willow species and describe genetic relationships between four willow species: Salix viminalis, S. purpurea, S. alba and S. triandra. The experimental plant material comprised 53 willow genotypes of these four species, which are popularly grown in Poland. DArT markers seem to identify Sal...