We combine three-dimensional descriptions of the movement patterns of the shoulder, elbow, carpus, third metacarpophalangeal joint and wingtip with a constant-circulation estimation of aerodynamic force to model the wing mechanics of the grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) in level flight. Once rigorously validated, this computer model can be used to study diverse aspects of flight....

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are distinguished from one another by their unique device geometries, reflecting their distinct drug detachment mechanisms, which can be broadly classified into either aerodynamic or mechanical-based detachment forces. Accordingly, powder particles experience different aerodynamic and mechanical forces depending on the inhaler. However, the influence of carrier partic...

Animals that glide produce aerodynamic forces that enable transit through the air in both arboreal and aquatic environments. The relative ease of gliding compared to flapping flight has led to a large diversity of taxa that have evolved some degree of flight capability. Glide paths are curved, reflecting the changing forces on the animal as it progresses through its aerial trajectory. These cha...

in this study, a numerical computational fluid dynamics study is conducted in order to predict the aerodynamic forces on the np car. the turbulent air flow around the car is modeled using the realizable k-ε model. first, results are validated against those presented for the ahmed’s body. next, the fluid flow around the car is simulated for different car speeds ( to mph) and flow directions ( to...

In this study, a numerical computational fluid dynamics study is conducted in order to predict the aerodynamic forces on the NP car. The turbulent air flow around the car is modeled using the realizable k-ε model. First, results are validated against those presented for the Ahmed’s body. Next, the fluid flow around the car is simulated for different car speeds ( to mph) and fl...

Wind-tunnel experimentswere conducted on a 47-deg sweep, scaled 1303unmanned air vehiclemodel to assess the performance of an innovative windward-surface plasma actuator design for flight control at low angles of attack. Control was implemented by altering the flow past an aft separation ramp on the windward side using a single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator. The influence of ramp...

In the present paper, flow simulations are carried on two design configurations of re-entry vehicles, FIRE II and OREX using commercial flow solvers. The purpose of the paper is to present the effect of flight attitude upon the aerodynamic characteristics of an Apollo shaped re-entry capsule. This paper exemplifies the importance of the aerodynamic forces effect on the motion of re-entry vehicl...

A model insect wing is described in which spars of corrugated membrane which incorporate stiffening veins branch serially from a V-section leading edge spar. The mechanical behaviour of this model is analysed. The open, corrugated spars possess great resistance to bending, but are compliant in torsion. Torsion of the leading edge spar will result in torsion and relative movement of the rear spa...

The goal of this work is to develop low-order models for the unsteady aerodynamic forces on a small wing in response to agile maneuvers and gusts. In a previous study, it was shown that Theodorsen’s and Wagner’s unsteady aerodynamic models agree with force data from DNS for pitching and plunging maneuvers of a 2D flat plate at Reynolds numbers between 100 and 300 as long as the reduced frequenc...

A numerical investigation of the dynamic Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) of a yacht sail plan submitted to harmonic pitching is presented to address both issues of aerodynamic unsteadiness and structural deformation. The FSI model — Vortex Lattice Method fluid model and Finite Element structure model — has been validated with full-scale measurements. It is shown that the dynamic behaviour of ...