All known ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) belong to the phylum Thaumarchaeota within the domain Archaea. AOA possess the diagnostic amoA gene (encoding the alpha subunit of ammonia monooxygenase) and produce lipid biomarker thaumarchaeol. Although the abundance and diversity of amoA gene-encoding archaea (AEA) in freshwater lakes have been well-studied, little is known about AEA ecology in sali...

AIM We examined endocannabinoids (ECs) in relation to bariatric surgery and the association between plasma ECs and markers of insulin resistance. METHODS A study of 20 participants undergoing bariatric surgery. Fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, lipids, insulin, and C-peptide were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively with plasma ECs (AEA, 2-AG) and endocannabinoid-related lipi...

Anandamide (AEA) and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) are produced in the intestine and brain during fasting and satiety, respectively. Subsequently, AEA facilitates food intake via activation of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) while OEA decreases food intake via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and/or G-protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). Neuronal activity i...

In endoscopic sinus surgery, the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) is usually identified as it traverses obliquely across the fovea ethmoidalis, posterior to the bulla ethmoidalis and anterior to or within the ground lamella's attachment to the skull base. Injury to the AEA may result in hemorrhage, retraction of the AEA into the orbit, and a retrobulbar hematoma. The resulting increase in intrao...

In this study, for the first time, the heat transfer and the pressure drop of zinc oxide nanoparticles in alternating elliptical axis (AEA) tube have been investigated experimentally. The zinc oxide nanoparticles were at volumetric concentrations 1% and 2%. The base fluid was heat transfer oil and the experiments were conducted at constant wall temperature. Also, the study was done in Reynolds ...

BACKGROUND Preclinical research has suggested that the endocannabinoid system may be involved in the etiology and/or treatment of depression; however, there are no published studies examining circulating endocannabinoid content in patients with clinical depression. METHODS This study examined the endocannabinoids (anandamide; AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) in serum from ambulatory, med...

Cannabinoids and opioids are distinct drug classes historically used in combination to treat pain. Delta(9)-THC, an active constituent in marijuana, releases endogenous dynorphin A and leucine enkephalin in the production of analgesia. The endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), fails to release dynorphin A. The synthetic cannabinoid, CP55,940, releases dynorphin B. Neither AEA nor CP55,940 enhances...

Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) are small molecules biosynthesized from membrane glycerophospholipid. Anandamide (AEA) is an endogenous intestinal cannabinoid that controls appetite and energy balance by engagement of the enteric nervous system through cannabinoid receptors. Here, we uncover a role for AEA and its receptor, cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), in the regulation of immune to...

The neurohypophyseal hormones oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) are involved in behavioral, autonomic and neuroendocrine functions. Both peptides are synthesized in magnocellular neurons of paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei at hypothalamic level whose axons terminate in the neurohypophysis (NH), from where OT and VP are released into the systemic circulation. NH contains abundant nitric ox...

In this paper, we present a best-effort communication protocol called AEA, that seeks to maximize aggregate application benefit and deadline-satisfied ratio of asynchronous real-time distributed systems that use CSMA/DDCR broadcast networks. AEA considers an application model where end-to-end timeliness requirements of trans-node application tasks are expressed using Jensen's benefit functions....