The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed the first 2009 influenza A (H1N1) monovalent vaccines (" H1N1 vaccines ") on September 15, 2009 (1). The H1N1 vaccines are available as a live, attenuated monovalent vaccine (LAMV) for intranasal administration and as monovalent, inactivated, split-virus or subunit vaccines for injection (MIV). The licensure and manufacturing processes for the mon...

SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly generated a pandemic. Vaccines are currently being rolled out to control the viral spread and prevent deaths. Emergency vaccines, using new platforms, have been approved. Their effectiveness, safety immunogenicity in different populations not fully known. This study aimed discover of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) BNT162b2 adenovirus vector Ad5-nCoV vaccines through Ig...

We were initially highly skeptical that differences in the concentrations of thimerosal in vaccines would have any effect on the incidence rate of neurodevelopmental disorders after childhood immunization. This study presents the first epidemiologic evidence, based upon tens of millions of doses of vaccine administered in the United States, that associates increasing thimerosal from vaccines wi...

The postmarketing surveillance of medical events following the receipt of vaccines permits: (1) identification of infrequent adverse events that may be caused by vaccines, (2) estimation of rates of occurrence of more serious post-immunization events by type of vaccine, (3) monitoring of unusually high rates of adverse events, (4) raising of health care providers’ awareness to the risks and/or ...

BACKGROUND Licensed human vaccines can induce various adverse events (AE) in vaccinated patients. Due to the involvement of the whole immune system and complex immunological reactions after vaccination, it is difficult to identify the relations among vaccines, adverse events, and human populations in different age groups. Many known vaccine adverse events (VAEs) have been recorded in the packag...

It is obvious that there a critical need for an efficient malaria vaccine to accelerate eradication. Currently, recombinant subunit vaccination against using proteins and peptides gaining attention. However, one of the major drawbacks this approach lack durable immune response. Therefore, vaccines require adjuvants make sufficiently immunogenic. Considering history RTS,S vaccine, it seems likel...

Childhood immunisation has been credited with being responsible for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality over the past 40-50 years. It was the first item on the list of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the ‘Ten great public health achievements’ of the 20th century. The viral diseases smallpox and poliomyelitis were eradicated in the United States of America as a result of vaccina...

DNA vaccination has emerged as an attractive immunotherapeutic approach against cancer due to its simplicity, stability, and safety. Results from numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that DNA vaccines are well tolerated by patients and do not trigger major adverse effects. DNA vaccines are also very cost effective and can be administered repeatedly for long-term protection. Despite all th...