BACKGROUND Mammalian receptors that couple to effectors via heterotrimeric G proteins (e.g., beta 2-adrenergic receptors) and receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity (e.g., insulin and IGF-I receptors) constitute the proximal points of two dominant cell signaling pathways. Receptors coupled to G proteins can be substrates for tyrosine kinases, integrating signals from both pathways. Y...

Crocin, a component of saffron, showed hypotensive which is perhaps due to vascular smooth muscle relaxant effect. The relaxant effects of saffron on tracheal smooth muscle also could be due to its constituent, crocin. In the present study, the relaxant effects of crocin and its possible mechanisms on rat tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. The relaxant effects of three cumulative concent...

The nuclear receptors “NR4As” productive pathway is the so important pathways for activating classic estrogen and are regulating adopted cellular anti-inflammatory growth(mediated by glucocorticoids, Nrf2, Ang2-AT2, VEGF-A synthesis) which considered as basic B-arrestins synthesis adopt B Adrenergic, Nrf2 synthesis, that strong activator to ACE functions promoting Ang2-AT2 running growth heme o...

Previous reports have suggested that smooth muscle obtained from the thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats is less responsive to vasoconstrictive agents than that obtained from normotensive rats. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the responsiveness of aortic muscles from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats correlates with a difference in the affinity...

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), adrenergic and cholinergic, exert a multitude effects on human myocardium thanks to activation distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed plasma membranes cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, coronary vascular endothelial cells. Norepinephrine (NE)/epinephrine (Epi) acetylcholine (ACh) are released from ANS terminals mediate biologic...

Formyl peptide receptor-induced chemotaxis of neutrophils depends on the release of ATP and autocrine feedback through purinergic receptors. Here, we show that adrenergic receptor signaling requires similar purinergic feedback mechanisms. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells express several subtypes of adrenergic (α(1)-, α(2)-, and β-receptors), adenosi...

Tocolytic therapy with beta-adrenergic receptor agonists is a standard regimen to prevent preterm birth. Agonists exposure of beta-adrenergic receptors causes receptor desensitization in other organs, and this may limit the therapeutic value of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists. To study the effects of prolonged beta-adrenergic agonist treatment in human myometrium, we obtained biopsies during ...

KONDO, S., KAGAYA, M., TASHIMA, Y. and MORITA, T. The Quantitative Difference in Adrenergic Alpha-1, Alpha-2 and Beta Receptors between the Prostatic and Epididymal Ends of Dog Vas Deferens. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 167 (2), 167-169 In order to study the regional differences in the distribution of adrenergic receptors of the vas deferens, we measured the amounts of adrenergic a-1, a-2 and R r...

6,and b2-adrenergic receptors, pharmacologically distinct proteins, have been reported to be structurally dissimilar. In the present study three techniques were employed to compare the nature of mammalian &and Bz-adrenergic receptors. Antibodies against each of the receptor subtypes were raised separately. Polyclonal antisera against &-receptors f rat fat cells were raised in mice, and antisera...