Objective: Detection and evaluation of adrenal glands are complex problems in conventional ultrasonography in dogs. Using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) in adrenal gland volume evaluation can add new potential for further adrenal studies. Design: Descriptive study Animals: a total of 10 mix breed dogs Procedures: The dogs underwent two dimensional (2D) and 3D US of the adrenal g...

Effects of 3-month exposure to microgravity environment on the expression of genes and proteins in mouse brain were studied. Moreover, responses of neurobiological parameters, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were also evaluated in the cerebellum, hippocampus, cortex, and adrenal glands. Spaceflight-related changes in gene and protein expression were obser...

INTRODUCTION Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin function, or both. Causing dysfunction in the body general metabolism, diabetes-induced chronic hyperglycemia leads to alterations in those endocrine glands involved in regulating the body metabolism. In this line, the present study has been conducted t...

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II (APS-II) is the most common immunoendocrinopathy syndrome. APS-II is defined by the development of two or more of the following entities: primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), Graves' disease, type 1A diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, primary hypogonadism, celiac disease, and myasthenia gravis. Other frequent clinical findings are ...

The effects of training are dependent on complex, adaptive changes which are induced by acute physical exercise at different levels. In particular, evidence shows that the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, as well as the sympatho-adrenomedullary system, is mainly involved in mediating the physiological effects of physical exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate, thro...

Adrenal cortical hyperplasia which is known to occur during infection and after trauma (1, 2) suggests the occurrence of a corresponding increase in the physiological activity of the gland. Scant information is available, however, bearing directly on the functional status of the adrenal cortex during conditions of stress. It would be important to know not only whether periods of stress are acco...

Abstract Introduction Cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides have been implicated in the endocrine and autonomic regulation, food intake and anxiety. Anatomical studies demonstrate that cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA and peptides are expressed intensely in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal gland axis and sympatho-adrenal system. In parallel with the anatomical st...

Recent experimental data have revealed that activins and inhibins exert pivotal effects on development. As part of our studies on growth and differentiation of the human fetal adrenal gland, we examined the subunit localization, as well as the mitogenic and steroidogenic actions of activin and inhibin in human fetal and adult adrenals. All three activin and inhibin subunit proteins (alpha, beta...

A 69-year-old woman was diagnosed with primary aldosteronism. An enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan before surgery indicated a right adrenal tumor outside the liver. Venous sampling tests revealed unilateral overproduction of aldosterone by the right adrenal gland. Separation of the right adrenal cortex from the liver parenchyma was impractical during a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy beca...