The family Pteridaceae in Iraq comprises 6 species belongs5 genera. These occur a diverse range of environments including humid temperate forests, the falls waterfalls and shrub lands. fern was collected from different locations environment geographical habitats during seasons two districts Iraqi Kurdistan. anatomical structure aerial parts were studied. Fronds petiole rachis (midribe) exhibitY...

Chloroplasts change their positions in the cell depending on the light conditions. In the dark, chloroplasts in fern prothallia locate along the anticlinal wall (dark position). However, chloroplasts become relocated to the periclinal wall (light position) when the light shines perpendicularly to the prothallia. Red light is effective in inducing this relocation in Adiantum capillus-veneris, an...

background: a lot of remedies, mostly plant based, were mentioned in the persian old pharmacopoeias for promoting of burn and wound healing and tissue repairing. the efficacy of most of these old remedies is unexplored till now. adiantum capillus‑veneris from adiantaceae family is one of them that was used to treating of some kinds of chronic wounds. methods: methanol extract was fractionated t...