Warm inflation is examined in a multi-field model. Solutions are obtained for expansion e-folds and scalar density perturbations. Nonequilibrium dynamics is restricted to a regime that is displaced only slightly from thermal equilibrium and in which all macroscopic motion is adiabatic. In such a regime, nonequilibrium dynamics is well defined, provided macroscopic motions that displace the ther...

The temperature of the low-density intergalactic medium is set by the balance between adiabatic cooling resulting from the expansion of the universe, and photo-heating by the UV-background. We have analysed the Lyα forest of eleven high-resolution quasar spectra using wavelets, and find strong evidence of a marked jump in the temperature at the mean density, T0, of 60 ± 14 per cent over the red...

ethyl benzene used increasingly each year is the raw material of producing styrene monomer. this substanceis produced from benzene alkylation with ethylene or ethanol, depending on the availability and cost of rawmaterials. in this study benzene alkylation in the presence of ethanol in a catalytic fixed bed reactor inthree states of isotherm, adiabatic and non-isotherm-non-adiabatic is mathemat...

Ethyl benzene used increasingly each year is the raw material of producing styrene monomer. This substanceis produced from benzene alkylation with ethylene or ethanol, depending on the availability and cost of rawmaterials. In this study benzene alkylation in the presence of ethanol in a catalytic fixed bed reactor inthree states of isotherm, adiabatic and non-isotherm-non-adiabatic is mathemat...

In this paper we study a Hamiltonian system with a spatially asymmetric potential. We are interested in the effects on the dynamics when the potential becomes symmetric slowly in time. We focus on a highly simplified non-trivial model problem (a metaphor) to be able to pursue explicit calculations as far as possible. Using the techniques of averaging and adiabatic invariants, we are able to stu...

We extend the notion of basic classes (for the Donaldson invariants) to 4-manifolds with b > 1 which are (potentially) not of simple type or satisfy b1 > 0. We also give a structure theorem for the Donaldson invariants of 4-manifolds with b > 1, b1 > 0 and of strong simple type.

A one-parameter family of time dependent adiabatic indices is introduced for any given type of cosmological fluid of constant adiabatic index by a mathematical method belonging to the class of Darboux transformations. The procedure works for zero cosmological constant at the price of introducing a new constant parameter related to the time dependence of the adiabatic index. I argue that these a...