5. Trampel DW, Zhou E-M, Yoon K-J, Koehler KJ. Detection of antibodies in serum and egg yolk following infection of chickens with an H6N2 avian influenza virus. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006;18:437–42. 6. Krauss S, Obert CA, Franks J, Walker D, Jones K, Seiler P, et al. Influenza in migratory birds and evidence of limited intercontinental virus exchange. PLoS Pathog. 2007;3:e167. DOI: 10.1371/journa...

Introduction: Hypertrophied tonsils and adenoids may cause upper airway obstruction and cardio-pulmonary complications due to pulmonary arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and selected adenotonsilar hypertrophy indexes. Materials and Methods: Thirty two patients with upper-airway obstruction resulting ...

form Per^0rated drum on the left side. She was treated with dry mopping and iodoher {qI /^der. She was subsequently referred to Mr. Scarff who, in April, removed in by ̂ S1 S an^ adenoids. The next time I saw her was in July 1954. She was brought She wasf mot^er who was worried about her squint which had developed recently, no cane Jat^er older than the age at which one normally sees squint but ...

This brief review will focus on nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue as a unique inductive immune site for B cell responses and plasma cell generation. The anatomical and immunological characteristics of Waldeyer's lymphoid ring should make the nasal route for vaccine administration highly relevant in future clinical trials to stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity. In this context, the...

Adenoids are present in posterosuperior wall of nasopharynx. Therefore, they are often not diagnosed by physicians [3]. Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in adults is usually not seen. However, they have been documented in conditions such as organ transplant recipient, lymphoma and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AH may lead to blockade of the nasal passage. Therefore, further it may lead to...

Adenoidectomy is a commonly performed surgery in children, even though its effectiveness is still under investigation. However, in children with risk factors such as age under 3 years old, associated comorbidities, or severe obstructive sleep apneas, a high postoperative respiratory morbidity is possible. We report the case of a 15-month-old boy with Noonan syndrome and a complex clinical histo...

The indications for the removal of tonsils and adenoids are subjected in these days to the light of much fiercer criticism, lay and medical, than was the case some twenty years ago, and no section of the subject more fiercely perhaps than that relating to focal sepsis. The scope of this paper is limited to a discussion of this section and at the outset it is wise to be quite clear what we mean ...