Parental, F(1) , F (2) , BC (1) and BC (2) generations of four crosses involving four cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were evaluated at two sites in Tunisia. A three-parameter model was found inadequate for all cases except crosses Chili x Cocorit 71 at site Sidi Thabet and Inrat 69 x Karim at both sites. In most cases a digenic epistatic model was sufficient to explain variatio...

Dissociation constants (pK, 20°C) of D-galacturonic acid, D-glucuronic acid, their O-methyl derivatives, as well as of the corresponding 4,5-unsaturated substance have been determined by means of discontinuous Potentiometrie titration. The found pK values have been interpreted from the point of view of inductive and mesomeric effects, and nonbonding interactions. It is demonstrated that the eff...

LetG be a finite additive abelian group with exponent n > 1, and let a1, . . . , an−1 be elements of G. We show that there is a permutation σ ∈ Sn−1 such that all the elements saσ(s) (s = 1, . . . , n− 1) are nonzero if and only if ∣∣∣{1 6 s < n : n d as 6= 0 }∣∣∣ > d− 1 for every positive divisor d of n. When G is the cyclic group Z/nZ, this confirms a conjecture of Z.-W. Sun.

. To exclude functions, as in Example L.2.b, that are constant in some direction, it suffices to require that 0 be an isolated point of Pf . That is, to require that there be a number r > 0 such that every nonzero γ ∈ Pf obeys |γ| ≥ r. Proposition L.3 If P is an additive subgroup of IR and 0 is an isolated point of P, then there are d ≤ d and independent vectors γ1, · · · , γd′ ∈ IR d such that...

A positive genetic correlation between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and maximal (VO(2)max) rate of oxygen consumption is a key assumption of the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of endothermy. We estimated the genetic (V(A), additive, and V(D), dominance), prenatal (V(N)), and postnatal common environmental (V(C)) contributions to individual differences in metabolic rates and body mass fo...

In 1940, Ulam [1] gave a wide ranging talk before the mathematics club of the University of Wisconsin in which he discussed a number of important unsolved problems. Among those was the question concerning the stability of group homomorphisms. Let G1 be a group and let G2 be a metric group with the metric d(·,·). Given ε > 0, does there exist a δ > 0 such that if a function h : G1 → G2 satisfies...

For different fitness mutational models, with epistasis introduced, we simulated the consequences of drift (D scenario) or mutation, selection, and drift (MSD scenario) in populations at the MSD balance subsequently subjected to bottlenecks of size N = 2, 10, 50 during 100 generations. No "conversion" of nonadditive into additive variance was observed, all components of the fitness genetic vari...

The concentration addition (CA) and the independent action (IA) models are widely used for predicting mixture toxicity based on its composition and individual component dose-response profiles. However, the prediction based on these models may be inaccurate due to interaction among mixture components. In this work, the nature and prevalence of non-additive effects were explored for binary, terna...

Herbal medicines are often combinations of botanical extracts that are assumed to have additive or synergistic effects. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effect of individual botanical extracts with combinations of extracts on prostate cell viability. We then modeled the interactions between botanical extracts in combination isobolographically. Scutellaria baicalensis, Rabdos...

AIM To study the genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/STAT3 pathways in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS A total of 159 pediatric inflammatory IBD patients (Crohn's disease, n = 136; ulcerative colitis, n = 23) and 129 matched controls were studied for genetic association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the...