objective: in this study, the current literatures on the use of herbs and herbal preparations of traditional chinese and indian medicine for the treatment of opioid addiction were reviewed. methods: search was done in databases such as pub med, science direct, scopus, springer link, and google scholar. results: among 18 retrieved studies, 3 studies were about asafetida extract, an approved prep...

AIMS The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of our knowledge of the neurobiological bases of addiction relevant for the diagnosis of addiction. METHODS A heuristic framework of neuroadaptive changes within key brain neurocircuitry responsible for different stages of the addiction cycle is outlined and linked to human studies to provide important future translational links for di...

The glutamate receptor, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A (GRIN2A) gene that encodes the 2A subunit of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was recently shown to be involved in the development of opiate addiction. Genetic polymorphisms in GRIN2A have a plausible role in modulating the risk of heroin addiction. An association of GRIN2A single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with heroin addiction was f...

BACKGROUND Excess weight is a major threat to public health. An addiction-like tendency toward certain foods may contribute to overeating. OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the prevalence and associated characteristics in relation to a food-addiction scale in middle-aged and older women. DESIGN We examined the prevalence and associated characteristics of a food-addiction scale measure in a cro...

With widespread use of the smartphone, clinical evidence for smartphone addiction remains unclear. Against this background, we analyzed the effect of smartphone use patterns on smartphone addiction in Korean adolescents. A total of 370 middle school students participated. The severity of smartphone addiction was measured through clinical interviews and the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness ...

The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature on attendance at professional sporting events. In addition, rational addiction models and theories will be surveyed. There is an abundant literature on both of these topics, and each will be discussed based on its relevance to the present research on rational addiction among fans of the National Football League (NFL). First, the chapter wi...

A large segment of the population suffers from addiction to alcohol, smoking, or illicit drugs. Not only do substance abuse and addiction pose a threat to health, but the consequences of addiction also impose a social and economic burden on families, communities, and nations. Genome-wide linkage and association studies have been used for addiction research with varying degrees of success. The m...

This paper reviews the philosophical origins, current scientific evidence, and clinical promise of yoga and mindfulness as complementary therapies for addiction. Historically, there are eight elements of yoga that, together, comprise ethical principles and practices for living a meaningful, purposeful, moral and self-disciplined life. Traditional yoga practices, including postures and meditatio...

The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, and prodynorphin. Opioid receptors are recruited in response to natural rewarding stimuli and drugs of abuse, and both endogenous opioids and their receptors are modified as addiction develops. Mechani...