The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is a intelligence (SI) used to solve problems. Owing its advantages in simplicity, using only few parameters, PSO has become one of the most popular algorithms. However, single structure leads challenges finding appropriate optima, resulting low convergence accuracy. To defects PSO, it necessary increase diversity populations involved as well enha...

We investigate a cyclic game system where organisms face an epidemic beyond being threatened by natural enemies. As survival strategy, individuals of one out the species usually safeguard themselves approaching enemies their and performing social distancing to escape contamination when outbreak affects neighbourhood. simulate how movement strategy local surges must adapt if pathogen mutation ma...