1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Definitions of cold adaptation 4. Types of cold adaptation 4.1. Physiological and morphological adaptation 4.2. Genetic adaptation to cold 4.3. Behavioural adaptation to cold 5. Acclimatization to cold 5.1. Cold acclimatization among indigenous people 5.2. Polar expeditions 5.3. Ski journeys 5.4. Sojourn in tropical climates 5.5. Cold acclimatization in modern soc...

We explore heat-related labor impacts both for their own interest and to understand the role of adaptation in responding to climate change. Focusing on non-agricultural sectors in the United States, we find that hot temperatures exert a causal negative impact on county-level payroll – reducing payroll by several percentage points in a 2◦C hotter year – with larger impacts in highly exposed indu...

Recent climate change projections estimate that the average summertime temperature in the southern part of Great Britain may increase by up to 5.4°C by the end of the century. The general consensus is that projected increases in temperature will render British dwellings vulnerable to summer overheating and by the middle of this century it may become difficult to maintain a comfortable indoor en...

BACKGROUND Honey bees are complex eusocial insects that provide a critical contribution to human agricultural food production. Their natural migration has selected for traits that increase fitness within geographical areas, but in parallel their domestication has selected for traits that enhance productivity and survival under local conditions. Elucidating the biochemical mechanisms of these lo...

The utility and documentation of traits and characteristics of Zebu, Bos indicus, cattle in beef production in the United States are discussed with reference to adaptation. Zebu cattle are uniquely suited to hot climates due to coat, hide, skin and hematological attributes. Form, growth and physiological aspects are unique genetic attributes which are different from those of Bos taurus cattle. ...

Species distribution models predict a wholesale redistribution of trees in the next century, yet migratory responses necessary to spatially track climates far exceed maximum post-glacial rates. The extent to which populations will adapt will depend upon phenotypic variation, strength of selection, fecundity, interspecific competition, and biotic interactions. Populations of temperate and boreal...