in recent decades, extensive studies in order to achieve sustainable patterns of cities and settlements have done in the global arena. that two of the most important theory is urban village in the 80’s and timeless patterns of christopher alexander in the late 70s. jane jacobs and christopher alexander’s ideas, in many aspects provide the context for the idea of an urban village. urban village ...

Rate adaptive multimedia streams offer significant system and client benefits over non-adaptive streams. These benefits come at the price of increased complexity in providing adequate network support and difficulty in understanding how rate adaptation protocols affect client perceived QoS. In this paper we define quality of service in terms of the mean rate seen by the client. We identify an in...

Sophisticated wireless interfaces support multiple transmission data rates and the selection of the optimal data rate has a critical impact on the overall network performance. Proper rate adaptation requires dynamically adjusting data rate based on current channel conditions. Despite several rate adaptation algorithms have been proposed in the literature, there are still challenging issues rela...

Motivated by emerging vision-based intelligent services, we consider the problem of rate adaptation for high quality and low delay visual information delivery over wireless networks using scalable video coding. Rate adaptation in this setting is inherently challenging due to the interplay between the variability of the wireless channels, the queuing at the network nodes and the frame-based deco...

Dynamic rate adaptation for uplink data transmission in a cellular multidimensional multicode (MDMC) direct-sequence code-division multiple-access packet data network is modeled and analyzed in this paper. An analytical framework is developed to evaluate the performances of radio link level dynamic rate adaptation schemes under multipath fading and log-normal shadowing. The radio link level thr...

Motor learning has been extensively studied using dynamic (force-field) perturbations. These induce movement errors that result in adaptive changes to the motor commands. Several state-space models have been developed to explain how trial-by-trial errors drive the progressive adaptation observed in such studies. These models have been applied to adaptation involving novel dynamics, which typica...

Response adaptation is a general characteristic of neurons. A number of studies have investigated the adaptation characteristics of auditory-nerve fibers, which send information to the brain about sound stimuli. However, there have been no previous adaptation studies of olivocochlear neurons, which provide efferent fibers to hair cells and auditory nerve dendrites in the auditory periphery. To ...