[1] Mid‐tropospheric CO2 retrieved from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) was used to investigate CO2 interannual variability over the Indo‐Pacific region. A signal with periodicity around two years was found for the AIRS mid‐tropospheric CO2 for the first time, which is related to the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO) associated with the strength of the monsoon. During a strong (we...

Aqua carries three microwave radiometers that form an integral part of the Atmospheric Infrared Souding (AIRS) sounding suite. Two Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A modules, one operating with two channels in the 23–31-GHz range and one operating with 12 channels in the 50–60-GHz range and one channel at 89 GHz, provide all-weather temperature soundings and cloud information. The Humidity Soun...

In this paper, an abstract model of the law is presented that has three primitives: states of a!airs, events and rules. The starting point of the abstract model is that the law is a dynamic system of states of a!airs which are connected by means of rules and events. The abstract model can be regarded as a top ontology of the law, that can be applied to legal knowledge representation. After an e...

Achievable information rates (AIRs) of wideband optical communication systems using a ∼40  nm (∼5  THz) erbium-doped fiber amplifier and ∼100  nm (∼12.5  THz) distributed Raman amplification are estimated based on a first-order perturbation analysis. The AIRs of each individual channel have been evaluated for DP-64QAM, DP-256QAM, and DP-1024QAM modulation formats. The impact of full-field nonli...

The Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL) is involved in building interactive adaptive systems which combine Information Retrieval (IR), Adaptive Hypermedia (AH) and adaptive web techniques and technologies. The complex functionality of these systems coupled with the variety of potential users means that the experiments necessary to evaluate such systems are difficult to plan, implemen...

In this work, a system for solving handwritten Arabic word recognition is proposed. The aim is focused on holistic word recognition, which is devoted to recognize averaged size lexicons by using a single classifier. Presently, we investigate the applicability of the Artificial Immune Recognition System (AIRS) to achieve the recognition task. For the feature generation step, ridgelet transform a...

[1] The spectrally resolved infrared radiances observed by AIRS provide a strict and insightful test for general circulation models (GCMs). We compare the clearand totalsky spectra simulated from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GCM using a high resolution radiation code with the AIRS observations. After ensuring consistency in the sampling of the observed and simulated spectra and a p...

AbstructModels for synthesizing radiance measurements by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are described. Synthetics radiances have been generated for developing and testing data processing algorithms. The radiances are calculated from geophysical states derived from weather forecasts and climatology using the AIRS rapid transmission algorithms. The data contains horizontal variability at...

A computationally efficient method is developed to simulate the radiances in a scattering and absorbing atmosphere along an arbitrary path in the spectral region ranging from visible to far-infrared with a spectral resolution of 1 cm. For a given spectral region, the method is based on fitting radiances pre-calculated from the discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) at several wavenumbers...