We report 6 children who showed clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of acute pyelonephritis but in whom bacteriuria was insignificant, with Escherichia coli 10(4)/ml, or less. None of the children had symptoms of other disease. Three of the children who were at first treated inadequately or were not treated with antibiotics developed significant bacteriuria later on (10(5)/ml, or greater). U...

Urinary levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) higher than those of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) during acute pyelonephritis have previously been associated with a higher degree of acute inflammation and of postinfective renal scarring. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible mechanisms by which TIMP-1 could affect the scarring process already during the ...

An acute exudative Escherichia coli pyelonephritis rat model was used to study the influence of progressive pyelonephritis on the efficacy of antibiotic treatment. In this model, transient ureteral obstruction after E. coli bladder inoculation induces early bacterial multiplication in the kidney parenchyma, and the bacterial counts peak by 48 h. The inflammatory response (assessed by the increa...

Received April 2007 Accepted August 2007 INTRODUCTION Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an uncommon and severe acute bacterial infection of the kidney. Diagnosis is usually made very late due to changing manifestations and infrequent occurrence. On the other hand, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare severe renal infection which typically results in diffused destruction of the kidney in a...