diabetes mellitus is accompanied with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the human society and experimental animals. therefore, this research study was conducted to evaluate time-dependent changes in passive avoidance and y-maze performance in male diabetic rats. for this purpose, male wistar rats were randomly divided into control and diabetic groups. for induction of di...

An experiment involving 120 pigs, with four pigs randomly selected from each of 30 litters, was conducted to determine the relationship between avoidance learning and water-maze learning, and to determine which pattern or patterns in a water-maze would reflect maximum differences in learning ability. Decreases in total errors and total latency indicated learning occurred on the non-alternating ...

abstract background and objective: according to the importance of learning and memory in the human life and also unavoidable neural degeneration due to aging, finding new compounds (drugs) against this process is valuable. however, there are many recommendations for herbal medicine and constituents which encouraged us to examine a candidate plant zingiber officinalis for the mentioned purpose. ...

In studies on avoidance learning, a warning signal is followed by an aversive unconditioned stimulus unless the participant performs a designated response. The authors examined whether avoidance behavior can be based on hierarchical knowledge, that is, knowledge about the conditions under which certain relations hold. In the present study, a single avoidance response had different effects depen...

AMPA receptor antagonists disrupt avoidance responding, but their day-to-day effect on this behavior has not been elucidated. This study compared the multisession effect of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX with that of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol on the expression of avoidance responding. Rats (N = 199) were trained to move to safety on presentation of a tone in one-way activ...

Learning how to gain rewards (approach learning) and avoid punishments (avoidance learning) is fundamental for everyday life. While individual differences in approach and avoidance learning styles have been related to genetics and aging, the contribution of personality factors, such as traits, remains undetermined. Moreover, little is known about the computational mechanisms mediating differenc...

Objective. To study the effect of immunomodulators on learning and memory and on cholinergic receptor sensitivity. Methods. Animals were initially treated for a period of 8 days with cyclosporine/levamisole/saline. They were then subjected to passive avoidance training and 48 hrs later, the retention test for the passive avoidance task was conducted. Twenty-four hours after the retention tests ...

In studies on avoidance learning, a warning signal is followed by an aversive outcome (US) unless the participant makes a particular response. Several theories have been developed to try to explain the mechanisms underlying avoidance learning. Surprisingly, stimulus-response (S-R) theories and cognitive theories of avoidance learning have rarely been compared experimentally. These theories diff...