We reveal that the reduction of the group velocity of light in periodic waveguides is generically associated with the presence of circulating energy flows or optical vortices. We show that the energy flows are gradually frozen for slow-light at the Brillouin zone edge, whereas vortices persist for slow-light states having non-vanishing phase velocity inside the Brillouin zone. We also demonstra...

Our previous work on Drosophila synapses has suggested that two vesicle populations possessing different recycling pathways, a fast pathway emanating from the active zone and a slower pathway emanating from sites away from the active zone, exist in the terminal. The difference in recycling time between these two pathways has allowed us to create a synapse that possesses the small, active zone s...

The adsorption of nitrobenzene on active carbon was researched. The experimental results shown the adsorption of nitrobenzene on active carbon can be described by Freundlich's adsorption model. On the other hand, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) can react with nitrobenzene to form inclusion complex, which will enhance the aqueous solubility of nitrobe...

RIMs and RIM-binding proteins (RBPs) are evolutionary conserved multidomain proteins of presynaptic active zones that are known to recruit Ca(2+) channels; in addition, RIMs perform well-recognized functions in tethering and priming synaptic vesicles for exocytosis. However, deletions of RIMs or RBPs in mice cause only partial impairments in various active zone functions and have no effect on a...

The uncovering of the large-scale structure that is hidden in the Zone of Avoidance is essential to our quest for the understanding of the dynamics of the nearby universe. Dedicated and sophisticated observations of the Zone of Avoidance have to be matched by equally sophisticated theoretical tools for the reconstruction of the large-scale structure from sparse, noisy and very incomplete data. ...

Surface wave dispersion measurements for Love wave overtones carry evidence of azimuthal anisotropy in the transition zone of Earth's mantle (400 to 660 kilometers deep). A Backus-Gilbert inversion of anisotropic phase velocity maps, with resolution kernels mainly sensitive to the transition zone, shows a robust long-wavelength azimuthally anisotropic velocity structure. This observation puts n...

Geofluids is important for understanding volcanic and earthquake generation processes. In this study, we obtained a detailed seismic velocity structure in and around the Naruko volcano, northeastern Japan, using data from a dense seismic observation network. We found a distinct seismic low-velocity zone (LVZ) beneath the Naruko volcano, with a diameter of nearly 10 to 20 km in the lower crust. ...

Abstract Background: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography results have not been previously studied in among Iranian sickle cell anemia patients. The present study was performed to evaluate the pattern of intracranial flow velocities among Iranian children with sickle cell anemia and the hematological parameters that can affect the time-averaged mean of maximum velocity in major intracranial...

We have studied experimentally transport properties in a slowly driven granular system which recently was shown to display self-organized criticality [Frette et al., Nature (London) 379, 49 (1996)]. Tracer particles were added to a pile and their transit times measured. The distribution of transit times is a constant with a crossover to a decaying power law. The average transport velocity decre...