Cytochrome P450s of the 4A subfamily generally catalyze the omega-hydroxylation of fatty acids. The induction of P450 4A enzymes by peroxisome proliferators or fatty acids is mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are members of the nuclear receptor family that regulates the expression of genes that control fatty acid synthesis, storage, and catabolism. PPARs bin...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, α, β/δ, and γ) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. 8( S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (8- S-HETE), leukotriene B4(LTB4), and hypolipidemic fibrates activate PPARα, whereas PPARγ is activated by prostaglandin metabolites. ...

The topic of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors has been developed in the field of hepatology allowing envisaging therapeutic strategies for the most frequent chronic liver diseases such as chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). PPARs contribute to wide physiological processes within the liver such as lipid/glucid metabolisms, inflammatory response, cell differentiation, and c...

The PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors) α, β/δ and γ belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. While all three receptors are undetectable in adult mouse interfollicular epidermis, PPARβ expression and activity is strongly re-activated by inflammatory stimuli during epidermal injury. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) stimulates transcription ...

Retinoic acids and long-chain fatty acids are lipophilic agonists of nuclear receptors such as RXRs (retinoic X receptors) and PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors) respectively. These agonists are also ligands of intracellular lipid-binding proteins, which include FABPs (fatty acid-binding proteins). We reported previously that L (liver-type)-FABP targets fatty acids to the nucle...

The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular diseases) has increased in the last decade, in both industrialized and developing countries. This also coincided with our observation of a similar increase in the prevalence of cancers. The aetiology of these diseases is very complex and involves genetic, nutritional, and enviro...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha, gamma, delta) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that have central roles in the storage and catabolism of fatty acids. Although the three PPAR subtypes are closely related and bind to similar DNA response elements as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor RXR, each subs...

The incidence of diabetes is directly related to the incidence of obesity, which is at epidemic proportions in the US. Cardiovascular disease is a common complication of diabetes, which results in high morbidity and mortality. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear hormone receptors that regulate lipid and glucose metabolism. PPAR-α agonists such as fenofibra...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that coordinately regulate gene expression. This PPAR-RXR transcriptional complex plays a critical role in energy balance, including triglyceride metabolism, fatty acid handling and storage, and glucose homeostasis: processes whose dysregulation characterize obe...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that coordinately regulate gene expression. This PPAR-RXR transcriptional complex plays a critical role in energy balance, including triglyceride metabolism, fatty acid handling and storage, and glucose homeostasis: processes whose dysregulation characterize obe...