Typically formal notations for interactive systems previously presented in the literature (e.g. [2, 6, 18]) synthesize two or more languages. We contend that it would be preferable if one were able to use a single soundly based specification language which is expressive enough to capture HCI issues. Taking a lead from Lamport’s Temporal Logic of Actions, (TLA), [14] we outline a language for ex...

The effects of the toxic lectins, ricin and modeccin, on baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells have been compared. Modeccin is about 20-50 times more toxic to BHK cells than ricin. Binding studies showed that there are 10(5) to 2 X 10(5) modeccin binding sites/cell compared with approximately 10(7) binding sites for ricin. Inhibition studies with galactosides indicate that both N- and O-glycans with ...

A cardiotoxic effect induced by adriamycin (by repeated i.v. administration to experimental rats in 7-day intervals of administration) begins to be manifested in the ECG record by prolongation of the S alpha T segment between days 14 and 20, on day 30 it is statistically significant. By means of this index, the known protective effect of dexrazoxane (the preparation Cardioxan) against adriamyci...

Either active immunization with trehalose-6, 6'-dimycolate (cord factor)-methylated bovine serum albumin complex or passive transfer of rabbit anti-cord factor serum induced in mice an enhanced resistance against infection with virulent human Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This suggests that the anti-cord factor antibody exerts an infection-protecting effect by neutralizing the toxic action of cor...

The Temporal Logic of Actions is a formalism for reasoning about concurrent and reactive systems. In this paper I present a formulation of TLA in the Isabelle theorem prover, in which I make extensive use of facilities in the Isabelle system for embedding diierent logics, particularly the syntax for easy axiomatisation of logics and the existence of parsing and printing facilities. I show how t...

Many thousand organic compounds are in common use and new ones introduced daily. With many of these materials, little is known about their toxic hazard. For years scientists have been investigating the relation of structure and properties to biological activity. Among the factors relating to toxicity are bioaccumulation and persistence in the organism. In this study, the relation of partition c...

This chapter provides a review and evaluation of the literature pertinent to joint toxic action of the mixture and its components. The text is generally organized so that human data are presented first, and studies are grouped by route, and by endpoint where that is feasible. In Section 2.2, summary tables are provided at the end of each section on the binary mixtures. The tables are designed t...

Dysregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis is considered to contribute to the toxic action of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ). Ca(2+) fluxes across the plasma membrane and release from intracellular stores have both been reported to underlie the Ca(2+) fluxes induced by Aβ42. Here, we investigated the contribution of Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to ...

We study the semantics and refinement of mobile objects, considering an extension of core UML state machines by primitives that designate the location of objects and their moves within a network. Our contribution is twofold: first, we formalize the semantics of state machines in MTLA, an extension of Lamport’s Temporal Logic of Actions with spatial modalities. Second, we study refinement concep...