To test the hypothesis that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in schizophrenic patients is associated with cognitive function, we studied 18 schizophrenic inpatients by means of electroencephalograms taken during sleep in their own hospital beds after a minimum 2-wk medication withdrawal period. Patients underwent neuropsychological tests to mea. sure memory function and other aspects of cognitive...

Van Dort et al. (1) used optogenetic activation to demonstrate the capacity of cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (LDT and PPT, respectively) to induce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The authors submit that their data clarify the role of LDT/PPT cholinergic neurons in REM sleep initiation, demonstrating that these neurons are “important modulators of ...

Initial theories of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep generation posited that induction of the state required activation of the pontine subceruleus (SubC) by cholinergic inputs. Although the capacity of cholinergic neurotransmission to contribute to REM sleep generation has been established, the role of cholinergic inputs in the generation of REM sleep is ultimately undetermined as the critical te...

RATIONALE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with hypertension. OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantify the independent association of OSA during REM sleep with prevalent and incident hypertension. METHODS We included adults enrolled in the longitudinal community-based Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study with at least 30 minutes of REM sleep obtained from overnight in-laboratory polysomnography. ...

Managers use real earnings management (REM) to influence reported earnings through the manipulation of real business activities. Extant literature generally employs crosssectional analysis to identify REM, but newer studies suggest that these traditional REM measures are severely mis-specified. In this study, we employ a new methodology that utilizes firm-specific time-series characteristics of...

Abstract Introduction The importance of human cortical theta-band power during REM is suggested by its association with aspects emotional processing. Currently, this measured first visual-inspection polysomnography to define REM-sleep (scored-REM) and then summing the total theta within. However, activity attributed scored-REM has been hypothesized occur some scored-NREM (“covert REM”) conflate...

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep - characterized by vivid dreaming, motor paralysis, and heightened neural activity - is one of the fundamental states of the mammalian central nervous system. Initial theories of REM sleep generation posited that induction of the state required activation of the "pontine REM sleep generator" by cholinergic inputs. Here, we review and evaluate the evidence surround...

A hallmark of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a potent suppression of postural muscle tone. Motor control in REM sleep is unique because it is characterized by flurries of intermittent muscle twitches that punctuate muscle atonia. Because somatic motoneurons are bombarded by strychnine-sensitive IPSPs during REM sleep, it is assumed that glycinergic inhibition underlies REM atonia. However, i...

OBJECTIVE To determine if there are significant differences in the temporal organization of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep microarchitecture between healthy controls and outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Forty age-matched subjects, 20 men and 20 women, half with MDD, were selected from an archive of sleep electroencephalography (EEG) data collected under identical cond...