The accuracy of techniques for the diagnosis of malaria are usually compared with optical microscopy, which is considered to be a gold standard. However, microscopy is prone to error and therefore makes it difficult to assess the reliability of other diagnostic techniques. We did a systematic review to assess the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic techniques in different settings, using ...

Introduction.-The lifetime of electronic singlet excitation in molecules is too short to allow the utilization of these excitational energies in biological systems.' Triplet excitations last longer, but the probabilities of their occurrence are small. Circumstances which increase the probability of these transitions may thus have biological importance. It has been shown' that dyes and certain o...

The effect of temperature on the rate of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis by plasma membrane (PM) and tonoplast (TN) ATPases from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv CM 72) roots were compared. Rates of proton transport were estimated using the fluorescent amine dyes quinacrine and acridine orange. The ratio between rate of transport and ATP hydrolysis was found to depend on the dye, the temperatu...