The eventual outcome of dental caries is determined by the dynamic balance between pathological factors that lead to demineralization and protective factors that lead to remineralization. Pathological factors include acidogenic bacteria, inhibition of salivary function, and frequency of ingestion of fermentable carbohydrates. Protective factors include salivary flow, numerous salivary component...

Cassava constitutes an abundant substrate in tropical regions. The production of butanol in ABE fermentation by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 using cassava flour (CF) was scaled-up to bioreactor level (5 L). Optimized fermentation conditions were applied; that is, 40℃, 60 g/l CF, and enzymatic pretreatment of the substrate. The batch fermentation profile presented an acidogenic phase for the f...

Various aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) technology have been the focus of research in recent years. Shortening the digestion time with enhanced process efficiency is one of the integral concerns in AD technology. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of a two-phase anaerobic treatment system for unscreened dairy manure. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading ra...

The object of study is the process biogas production in a bioreactor with stirring device and an inert biofilm carrier. problematic issue retention on media at certain number revolutions stirrer. A scheme laboratory setup for studying carrier presented. An important value was determined - specific rate substrate release , without which it impossible to calculate surface determine amount methane...

The study evaluated the preparation of a biocomposite using waste-derived polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bagasse cellulose (α-cellulose) in biorefinery approach. PHB was produced dark fermentation effluent rich volatile fatty acids (VFA) derived from vegetable waste α-cellulose extracted sugarcane (SCB). Nutrient limitation induced microbial accumulation, wherein maximum production 0.28 ± 0.06 g...

In this study, an observer for estimating the state and unknown inputs is proposed monitoring anaerobic digestion processes. This estimator based on a dynamic model considering acidogenesis methanogenesis, consists of three sub-observers: (a) gramian-based fixed-time convergent inlet chemical oxygen demand (COD) acidogenic bacteria population, (b) asymptotic methanogenic (c) super-twisting syst...

OBJECTIVES Identify the changes in some physiological and microbiological parameters in the saliva from a group of women during and after their pregnancies. METHODS Stimulated whole saliva was collected from a cohort of 35 women during their pregnancy and afterwards to determine each sample's physicochemical (secretion rate, pH and buffer capacity) and microbiological characteristics (acidoge...

Inappropriate feeding habits have been identified as major factors associated with the development of baby bottle tooth decay or nursing caries. An in vivo/in vitro combination technique was developed to investigated the plaque pH changes associated with rinsing with eight different infant formulas. These eight formulas represented four categories: 1) formulas with iron, 2) formulas with low ir...

Experiments were conducted to study the acidogenesis of a dairy wastewater in batch reactors at pH 5.5 and 55°C. There was a biased fermentation sequence for carbohydrate and protein, and the protein fermentation was delayed by carbohydrate. The production of hydrogen was exclusively from the fermentation of carbohydrate. Acetate and butyrate concentrations both increased rapidly at the beginni...