The extrusion apparatus of the microsporidian parasitic protozoan Nosema michaelis discharges an invasion (or polar) tube with a velocity suitalbe for piercing cells and injecting infective sporoplasm. The tube is composed of a polar tube protein (PTP) which consists of a single, low molecular weight polypeptide slightly smaller than chymotrypsinogen-A. Assembled PTP tubes resist dissociation i...

In this study, perennial fast growth Napier grass fibers were used for pulp and papermaking. Chlorination and alkaline process were carried using sodium chlorite and sodium hydroxide respectively for pulp extraction from Napier grass. Detailed chemical composition of the Napier grass fibers and the extracted pulp was carried out and a comparison with other perennial grasses made. The extracted ...

The presented studies were carried out in order to check the usefulness of subfossil wood for stable isotope analysis. The aim of research was also to define the optimal method of subfossil samples preparation. Subfossil samples used during the presented studies are a part of the multi-century dendrochronological scale. This chronology originates in an area situated around a small mountain lake...

Mantle wedge regions in subduction zone settings show anomalously high electrical conductivity (~1 S/m) that has often been attributed to the presence of aqueous fluids released by slab dehydration. Laboratory-based measurements of the electrical conductivity of hydrous phases and aqueous fluids are significantly lower and cannot readily explain the geophysically observed anomalously high elect...

The role of the tetracyclines is well established in the treatment of non-specific urethritis (NSU). This paper reports a ttrial of orally-administered tetracycline phosphate complex (Tetrex), a combination of acidified sodium hexametaphosphate with acidified tetracycline hydrochloride in the ratio of 3:1. This preparation is said to be absorbed from the alimentary tract more efficiently than t...

Chlorite dismutase, a homotetrameric haem-based protein, is one of the key enzymes of (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria. It is highly active (>2 kU mg(-1)) in reducing the toxic compound chlorite to the innocuous chloride anion and molecular oxygen. Chlorite itself is produced as the intermediate product of (per)chlorate reduction. The chlorite dismutase gene in Azospira oryzae strain GR-1 employ...

Chloroperoxidase catalyzes the dismutation of chlorite-forming chloride, chlorine dioxide, chlorate, and oxygen as products. The yields of chlorine dioxide are variable because chloroperoxidase also catalyzes the decomposition of this compound and, in addition, moderate concentrations of chlorine dioxide inactivate the enzyme. Chloride, chlorate, and oxygen are the products of the decomposition...

A diluted 3% w/w hydrogen peroxide solution acidified to pH 2.5 by adding citric acid inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus more than 4 orders of magnitude in 5 min. After a contact time 15 min, no viral replication was detected. Aqueous solutions sodium percarbonate coronavirus >3 log10 diminution Conversely, H2O2 with additives displayed scarce virucidal activity (1.1 min), confirming that pH-modifyin...

Degumming of pre-chlorite treated jute fiber was studied in this paper. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration, treatment time, temperature, sodium silicate concentration, fiber-to-liquor ratio, penetrating agent TF-107B concentration and degumming agent TF-125A concentration were the process conditions examined. With respect to gum decomposition, fineness and mechanical properties, sodi...