Kharaka has been a research hydrogeochemist with the U.S. Geological Survey since 1975. His investigations have emphasized waterrock interactions in petroliferous sedimentary basins. Current research covers the fields of water-rock-gas interactions, CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers, contamination from agricultural drainage and petroleum-produced water, and fluid-fault interactions. Kharaka ...

Drainage from mining sites rich in sulfur bearing rocks is known as acid mine drainage (AMD). Acid mine drainage water is a serious environmental pollutant that has its ill effects on plants, animals and microflora of a region. Mine water drainage mainly results due to anthropogenic activities like mining that leave the sulfur bearing rocks exposed. This drainage water poses as a potent soil, s...

The term “karst” applies to a distinctive type of landscape that develops from the dissolving action of water on soluble bedrock (Figure 11.1)—primarily limestone and marble but also dolostone, gypsum and halite. Karst landscapes are characterized by fluted and pitted rock surfaces, shafts, sinkholes, sinking streams, springs, subsurface drainage systems, and caves. The unique features and thre...

[1] The response of glaciated landscapes to rapid rock uplift, driven by tectonic convergence, is an important, often neglected, aspect of proposed interactions between plate tectonic processes and climate change. Rivers typically respond to more rapid rock uplift in part through increasing channel gradients. In contrast, the ‘‘glacial buzzsaw’’ hypothesis suggests that glaciers can erode as qu...

AMd is recognized as one of the most serious environmental problem in the mining industry. the problem of acid mine drainage (AMd) has been present since mining activity began thousands of years ago. Mining activity has disrupted the hydrology of mining areas so badly that it is extremely difficult to predict where water would eventually re-emerge. its causes, treatment have become the focus of...

Abstract Acid mine drainage is the reaction of surface water with sub-surface located on sulfur bearing rocks, resulting in sulfuric acid. These highly acidic conditions result leaching non-biodegradeable heavy metals from rock which then accumulate flora, posing a significant environmental hazard. Hence, reliable, cost effective remediation techniques are continuously sought after by researche...

Jarosite, beudantite and alunite are members of the supergroup. Minerals like those have been detected in different environments on Earth. These jarosite-type compounds common acid rock drainage sulfate soils, resulting from weathering sulfide ores; they also present bioleaching systems because found cultures iron-oxidizing microorganisms. Jarosite is generated hydrometallurgical circuits, main...