In recent years there has been a growing interest in formulating solid dispersions, which purposes mainly include solubility enhancement, sustained drug release and taste masking. The most notable problem by these dispersions is drug-carrier (in)solubility. Here we focus on solubility parameters as a tool for predicting the solubility of a drug in certain carriers. Solubility parameters were de...

In 1953, the doctor draft interrupted Dr. Severinghaus' anesthesia and physiology training and sent him to the National Institutes of Health as director of anesthesia research at the newly opened Clinical Center. He developed precise laboratory partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO(2)) and pH analysis to investigate lung blood gas exchange during hypothermia. Constants for carbon dioxide solu...

Highly blood soluble gases exchange with the bronchial circulation in the airways. On inhalation, air absorbs highly soluble gases from the airway mucosa and equilibrates with the blood before reaching the alveoli. Highly soluble gas partial pressure is identical throughout all alveoli. At the end of exhalation the partial pressure of a highly soluble gas decreases from the alveolar level in th...

We employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the solubility and molecular conformations of n-alkane chains in water. We find nearly exponential decrease in solubility with carbon number up to n-eicosane (C(20)), and excellent agreement with experiment up to n-dodecane (C(12)). We detect no sharp break in the dependence of the solubility upon carbon number. A free energy landscape analysis ...

Certain highly soluble proteins, such as Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (MBP), have the ability to enhance the solubility of their fusion partners, making them attractive vehicles for the production of recombinant proteins, yet the mechanism of solubility enhancement remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the solubility-enhancing properties of MBP are dramatically affected by...

Stearic acid (SA) is highly soluble in structurally diverse solvents. SA/solvent packing within a (24.8 A)3 cubic volume explains the stoichiometry of SA solubility at multiple temperatures in multiple solvents. In the absence of solvent, the cubic volume contains 25 molecules at van der Waals distances from each other. At 55 degrees C, SA occupied half the cubic volume in saturated solution of...

To gain insight into the transport behavior of gas molecules such as CO2versus N2 through ionic liquid membranes, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure and dynamics of CO2 and N2 gases in a tetracyanoborate based ionic liquid recently shown to exhibit high CO2/N2 permselectivity. We found that upon addition of CO2 or N2 the liquid structure does not change. CO...