Here, we report the closed genome sequence of Clostridium formicaceticum, an Rnf- and cytochrome-containing autotrophic acetogen that is able to convert carbon monoxide to acetate using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (4.59 Mb).

Under anaerobic conditions, cells of Entamoeba histolytica grown with bacteria produce H2 and acetate while cells grown axenically produce neither. Aerobically, acetate is produced and O2 is consumed by amebae from either type of cells. Centrifuged extracts, 2.4 x 106 x g x min, from both types of cells contain pyruvate synthase (EC 1.2.7.1) and an acetate thiokinase which, together, form a sys...

Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 is an acidogenic bacterium capable of utilizing xylose for the fermentation production of butyrate. Hot water extraction of hardwood lingocellulose is an efficient method of producing xylose where autohydrolysis of xylan is catalysed by acetate originating from acetyl groups present in hemicellulose. The presence of acetic acid in the hydrolysate might have ...

Several studies have shown that magnesium can be a useful tool in preventing various skin disorders. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed by which improves function, focusing on water channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3), is cutaneous functional molecule. Magnesium compounds (magnesium acetate, chloride, sulfate, and lactate) were added to human epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT ...

Although the bacterium E. coli is chosen as the host in many bioprocesses, products derived from the central aerobic metabolic pathway often compete with the acetate-producing pathways poxB and ackA-pta for glucose as the substrate. As such, a significant portion of the glucose may be excreted as acetate, wasting substrate that could have otherwise been used for the desired product. The product...

Ethanol and its major metabolite acetate both induced histone H3 acetylation in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. The acetylation by ethanol was dependent on the reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, whereas that by acetate was independent of both pathways. Ethanol increased CYP2E1 protein expression but acetate had negligible effect. The level of phospho-H2AX,...

The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nuclear gene gsa, which encodes the early chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSAT), is specifically induced by blue light in cells synchronized in a 12-hr-light and 12-hr-dark regime. Light induction required the presence of a nitrogen source in the incubation medium. Maximal induction also required acetate. However, in the a...

During growth under conditions of glucose and oxygen excess, Staphylococcus aureus predominantly accumulates acetate in the culture medium, suggesting that the phosphotransacetylase-acetate kinase (Pta-AckA) pathway plays a crucial role in bacterial fitness. Previous studies demonstrated that these conditions also induce the S. aureus CidR regulon involved in the control of cell death. Interest...

To investigate the effect of naringin on fibrosis transforming growth factor-beta 1 induced human embryonic lung fibroblasts MRC-5 and its potential mechanism. cells were treated with different concentrations naringin, 5 ng/ml 2 μmol/l nuclear factor kappa B activator phorbol myristate acetate. The experiment was divided into blank group, 1+naringin group 1+naringin+phorbol acetate group. 3-(4,...