Ocular accommodation provides a well-focussed image, feedback for accurate eye movement control, and cues for depth perception. To accurately perform visually guided motor tasks, integration of ocular motor systems is essential. Children with motor coordination impairment are established to be at higher risk of accommodation anomalies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationshi...

PURPOSE To estimate changes in surface shape and gradient refractive index (GRIN) profile in primate lenses as a function of accommodation. To quantify the contribution of surface shape and GRIN to spherical aberration changes with accommodation. METHODS Crystalline lenses from 15 cynomolgus monkeys were studied in vitro under different levels of accommodation produced by a stretching system....

PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that changes in accommodation after instillation of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (PHCl) observed in some studies could be caused by changes in optics. METHODS We performed two experiments to test the effects of PHCl on static and on dynamic accommodation in 8 and 6 subjects, respectively. Objective wavefront measurements were recorded of the static accommodatio...

OBJECTIVE Disparity cues can be a major drive to accommodation via the convergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C) linkage, but, on decompensation of exotropia, disparity cues are extinguished by suppression so this drive is lost. This study investigated accommodation and vergence responses to disparity, blur and proximal cues in a group of distance exotropes aged between 4 and 11 years bot...

Takashi Shibata Takashi Kawai Keiji Ohta Masaki Otsuki Nobuyuki Miyake Yoshihiro Yoshihara Tsuneto Iwasaki Abstract — This paper describes a method for reducing the discrepancy between accommodation and convergence when viewing stereoscopic 3-D images. The method uses a newly developed stereoscopic 3-D display system with a telecentric optical system and a mobile LCD. The examination of a mono-...

This paper is about reasoning with presuppositions in natural language. Pre-supposition accommodation, as predicted by the linguistic theory of presupposi-tions as anaphoric expressions, is reconstructed logically as abductive inference in a framework that supports both anaphoric links and a context-dependent notion of propositionhood. Abductive inference arises as a side-eeect of the use of th...

The nearpoint visual stress theory holds that a tendency for convergence to localize closer than accommodation is intrinsic to the nearpoint visual demands imposed by our culture. A physiological model is presented, suggesting that this effector system mismatch arises from the activation of autonomic reflexes related to stress, vigilant attention and information-processing. Autonomic arousal ex...

PURPOSE An association between tonic accommodation, the resting accommodative position of the eye in the absence of a visually compelling stimulus, and refractive error has been reported in adults and children. In general, myopes have the lowest (or least myopic) levels of tonic accommodation. The purpose in assessing tonic accommodation was to evaluate it as a predictor of onset of myopia. M...

When faced with changing environments, organisms rapidly mount physiological and behavioural responses, accommodating new environmental inputs in their functioning. The ubiquity of this process contrasts with our ignorance of its evolutionary significance: whereas within-generation accommodation of novel external inputs has clear fitness consequences, current evolutionary theory cannot easily l...

The biophysical properties of cat motoneuron (MN) models with passive dendrite and different sizes have been extensively tested. However, the behavior of these models in relation to accommodation has not been tested yet. The experimental data reported have shown that MNs accommodate to a very limited degree, exhibiting, in some extension, breakdown of accommodation phenomenon. One The accommoda...