Impact of technology on learning has not been answered clearly many years after the introduction of ICT into classrooms. Today there are optimist and pessimist views regarding the use of ICT in education. Academic research has a position between these two opposing views. Although promising results on benefits of ICT use in education, ICT is not used in teaching in such extend as it could be app...

A voting rule that permits some voters to favor a candidate by revealing only the initial segment of their sincere rankings is said be vulnerable truncation paradox. In this paper, we consider four models for counting truncated ballots, optimistic, pessimistic (the most common), averaged, and round-down. Under impartial anonymous culture assumption, choice model generally has real impact on tru...

since land reform in iran, rural studies and rural sociology have been concentrated on rural society as economical and political phenomena; therefore mostly traditional systems of production and power were noted in researches. one issue that was not addressed in this academic discourse was rural religion. religion as a core of culture and the main context to reproduce social integration has a k...

of the Thesis View Consistency for Optimistic Replication