We present a theoretical study on how dynamic radiation force of acoustic waves actuates on absorbing spheres. We consider the radiation force is generated by the difference-frequency component of a bichromatic plane wave in a lossless fluid. We analyze the spectrum of the dynamic radiation force for polymethymethacrylate (lucite) and polyethylene spheres. Results reveal that absorption cause t...

We present 3D linear reconstructions of time-domain (TD) diffuse optical imaging differential data. We first compute the sensitivity matrix at different delay gates within the diffusion approximation for a homogeneous semi-infinite medium. The matrix is then inverted using spatially varying regularization. The performances of the method and the influence of a number of parameters are evaluated ...

The reflectance spectra of the human skin in visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral region have been calculated using the Monte Carlo technique, and the specular and internal reflection on the medium surface is taken into account. Skin is represented as a complex inhomogeneous multi-layered highly scattering and absorbing medium. The model takes into account variations in spatial distribution...

An enhanced method is developed for analysis of third-order nonlinearities in optical nanostructures with a scalar magnetic field frequency-domain formulation; it is shown to produce fast and accurate results for 2D problems without a superfluous vector electric field formalism. While a standard TM representation using cubic nonlinear susceptibility results in an intractable implicit equation, ...

Simultaneous assessment of the spectroscopic absorption signal of gas enclosed in a scattering medium and the corresponding optical path length of the probing light is demonstrated using a single setup. Sensitive gas absorption measurements are performed by a tunable diode laser using wavelength-modulation spectroscopy, while the path length is evaluated by the frequency-modulated cw technique ...

A novel TEM horn antenna placed in a solid dielectric medium is proposed for microwave imaging of the breast. The major design requirement is that the antenna couples the microwave energy into the tissue without being immersed itself in a coupling medium. The antenna achieves this requirement by: 1) directing all radiated power through its front aperture, and 2) blocking external electromagneti...

A modified two-flux approximation is suggested for calculating the hemispherical transmittance and reflectance of a refracting, absorbing, and scattering medium in the case of collimated irradiation of the sample along the normal to the interface. The Fresnel reflection is taken into account in this approach. It is shown that the new approximation is rather accurate for the model transport scat...

1 Background The dynamic role of rural small and medium enterprises (RSMEs) in developing countries has long been recognized (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). These RSMES can serve as engines through which the economic growth and employment objectives of developing countries can be achieved. However, for many years these rural enterprises have failed to grow beyond their micro enterprise nature and...

Three equivalence relations are considered on the set of n x n matrices with elements in Fo' an · abelian group with absorbing zero adjoined. They are the relations of diagonal similarity, diagonal equivalence, and restricted diagonal equivalence. These relations are usually considered for matrices with elements in a field, but only multiplication is involved. Thus our formulation in terms of a...