The detrimental effects of organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure on neurodevelopment have been shown in animals. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between in utero and early postnatal OP exposure and neonatal neurobehavior in humans, as measured by seven clusters (habituation, orientation, motor performance, range of state, regulation of state, autonomic stability, and reflex...

Abdominal bloating is a very common and troublesome symptom of all ages, but it has not been fully understood to date. Bloating is usually associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders or organic diseases, but it may also appear alone. The pathophysiology of bloating remains ambiguous, although some evidences support the potential mechanisms, including gut hypersensitivity, impaired gas...

In 143 normal subjects latencies of H-reflexes of the flexor carpi radialis muscle were well correlated with arm lengths. In 32 patients with injury to cervical roots C5 to C8 it was shown that latencies were only abnormal in lesions of roots C6 or C7. It is suggested that in most instances root C6 or C7 and, probably both roots in some cases are involved in the reflex pathway. Repeat electroph...

In this research, we evaluated the inter-relation of tremor and rigidity in Parkinson's disease. We included the agonist and antagonist skeletal muscle models as well as the peripheral (spinal and long-loop reflexes) and central (basal ganglia and cortex) mechanisms and present a complete model. All of our simulation is developed in SIMULINK, MATLAB 7. Our results showed that (1) increased supp...

Reflexes assessment is the basic test performed in a neurologic examination, which is an important diagnosis in identifying diseases or lesions in the nervous system [2]. This is because abnormal reflex responses are generally the signs of diseases in the nervous or muscular system [3]. During a particular assessment, reflex of the responding muscle is observed by the examiner and subsequently ...

Central motor conduction to small hand muscles was measured using magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex and electrical stimulation of proximal motor roots in 11 patients with Friedreich's ataxia, 10 patients with early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes (EOCA) and 13 patients with late onset degenerative cerebellar disease (LOCD). Central motor conduction was abnormal in 9...

Pain thresholds to a pinch stimulus were measured at eight sites on the dorsum of both feet from 17 diabetic patients. Sixteen feet had neuropathic ulcers and seven had Charcot arthropathy. Vibration perception thresholds, radial nerve action potentials, muscle action potentials of flexor digitorum brevis, autonomic cardiovascular reflexes and reflex sweat output were also measured. Pinch pain ...