Article history: Accepted 19 December 2013 Available online xxxx JEL classification: L1 D4 C7

Upper Westphalian coals are usually rich in organic-matter of different plant taxa, including gymnosperms. The assemblage from Kalinovo (Eastern Ukraine) is exceptional in being dominated by Sphenophyllum, both cuticles and conducting tissues. Sphenophyllum cuticles are easily distinguished by their parallel oriented cells with sinuous anticlinal walls, and paracytic stomata on the abaxial cuti...

Stomata are the major gates regulating substrate availability for photosynthesis and water loss. Although both processes are critical to yield and to resource-use efficiency, we lack a comprehensive picture on how domestication and further breeding have impacted on leaf stomata. To fill this gap, stomatal sizes and densities were screened in cultivated and wild ancestor representatives of a uni...

Background and aims: Baccharis notosergila is an aggressive weed inhabiting the Salado river basin, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The aims of this work were: to analyze morpho-anatomy histochemistry aerial vegetative organs in order understand adaptation strategies that ensure its survival, as well expand knowledge on traits determining resistance control methods applied. M&M: material ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In bryophytes the sporophyte offspring are in contact with, nourished from, and partially surrounded by the maternal gametophyte throughout their lifespan. During early development, the moss sporophyte is covered by the calyptra, a cap of maternal gametophyte tissue that has a multilayered cuticle. In this study the effects on sporophyte offspring fitness of removing the mat...

Using measured radial velocity data of five double-lined spectroscopic binary systems EQ Tau, V376 And, V776 Cas, V2377 Oph and V380 Cygni, we find corresponding orbital and spectroscopic elements via the method introduced by Karami & Teimoorinia and Karami & Mohebi. Our numerical results are in good agreement with those obtained by others using more traditional methods.

THE 2009 Design, Automation, and Test in Europe (DATE) conference, which took place in April in Nice, France, hosted a new workshop on 3D integration. The topic was vertical stacking of multiple silicon dies, interconnected by through-silicon vias, which is a promising technology. TSVs offer higher transistor density, faster interconnects, heterogeneous technology integration, and potentially l...

Pre-mRNAs of the influenza A virus M and NS genes are poorly spliced in virus-infected cells. By contrast, in influenza C virus-infected cells, the predominant transcript from the M gene is spliced mRNA. The present study was performed to investigate the mechanism by which influenza C virus M gene-specific mRNA (M mRNA) is readily spliced. The ratio of M1 encoded by a spliced M mRNA to CM2 enco...

The stomata of the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris lack a blue light-specific opening response but open in response to red light. We investigated this light response of Adiantum stomata and found that the light wavelength dependence of stomatal opening matched that of photosynthesis. The simultaneous application of red (2 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) and far-red (50 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) light synergis...