The aim of the study is to analyze occurrence hot days and heat waves in Poland, their intra-annual distribution, long-term variability, present circulation factors favoring appearance extensive country. Hot were with Tmax not lower than threshold value defined by 95th percentile summer period 1961–1990. Atmospheric was described using sea level pressure, geopotential 700 500 hPa level, horizon...

In this study, wind forecasts derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers Environmental Prediction (NCEP), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and United Kingdom Office (UKMO) are evaluated lead times of 1–7 days at 10 m multiple isobaric surfaces (500 hPa, 700 850 hPa 925 hPa) over North China 2020. The straightforward multimodel ensemble mean (M...

1. introduction the effect of climate of the earth's surface is the result of interaction of different levels of atmosphere and lithosphere. one of the factors which influences that interaction is the way the system pressure transcends it. in this way, the system pressure changes and can be changed and eventually may become an environmental hazard and geomorphodynamic phenomenon. hazards are an...

introduction climate is a system consisting of atmosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. this system is involved in the exchange of energy and moisture among these five components. the exchanges link the atmosphere as the central component of the climate to other spheres. changes do not occur separately in this system; rather change in one component contributes to reactio...

in order to determine the synoptic pattern of heavy and extreme precipitations on the southern coast of the caspian sea, precipitation characteristics of the caspian region were investigated by the use of eight synoptic stations data. considering the percentage thresholds, the days with heavy and extreme precipitations were determined for a 10 year period (1994-2003). since more than 75% of day...