BACKGROUND Achieving control of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and body weight (BW) remains a challenge for most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In clinical trials, canagliflozin (CANA), an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2, has shown significant improvement compared to some dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in the achievement of such quality...

Background: With the inclusion of health care services under Consumer Protection Act, a spurt in litigations arising out of breach in medical/dental profession is seen. Thus, it becomes imperative for health professionals today to be aware of such laws. Objective: To assess and compare the awareness about Consumer Protection Act among dentists (dentists in teaching institutions and dentists in ...

The Dpp signaling pathway is essential for many developmental processes in Drosophila and its activity is tightly regulated. To identify additional regulators of Dpp signaling, we conducted a genetic screen for maternal-effect suppressors of dpp haplo-insufficiency. We screened approximately 7000 EMS-mutagenized genomes and isolated and mapped seven independent dominant suppressors of dpp, Su(d...

During germ band elongation, widespread decapentaplegic (dpp) expression in the dorsal ectoderm patterns the underlying mesoderm. These Dpp signals specify cardial and pericardial cell fates in the developing heart. At maximum germ band extension, dpp dorsal ectoderm expression becomes restricted to the dorsal-most or leading edge cells (LE). A second round of Dpp signaling then specifies cell ...

Oxidation of different types of 1,4-dihydropyridines with diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPP) and benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2) as free radical oxidizing agents to pyridine derivatives is reported and a mechanism for this oxidation is also proposed.

Axis formation in the Drosophila wing depends on the localized expression of the secreted signaling molecule Decapentaplegic (Dpp). Dpp acts directly at a distance to specify discrete spatial domains, suggesting that it functions as a morphogen. Expression levels of the Dpp receptor thick veins (tkv) are not uniform along the anterior-posterior axis of the wing imaginal disc. Receptor levels ar...

BACKGROUND Few data exist examining the management of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment (RI). This observational study assessed the therapeutic management of this fragile population. METHODS Cross-sectional study: data from 980 diabetic patients ≥75 years with renal disease are presented. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 81 years (range 75-101) with long-...

This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations. Ten healthy normal subjects were given either a 910-calorie HFHC meal or an American Heart ...